b24413180f
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
203 lines
8.5 KiB
Text
203 lines
8.5 KiB
Text
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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menu "UML Network Devices"
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depends on NET
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# UML virtual driver
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config UML_NET
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bool "Virtual network device"
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help
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While the User-Mode port cannot directly talk to any physical
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hardware devices, this choice and the following transport options
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provide one or more virtual network devices through which the UML
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kernels can talk to each other, the host, and with the host's help,
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machines on the outside world.
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For more information, including explanations of the networking and
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sample configurations, see
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<http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/old/networking.html>.
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If you'd like to be able to enable networking in the User-Mode
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linux environment, say Y; otherwise say N. Note that you must
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enable at least one of the following transport options to actually
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make use of UML networking.
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config UML_NET_ETHERTAP
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bool "Ethertap transport"
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depends on UML_NET
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help
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The Ethertap User-Mode Linux network transport allows a single
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running UML to exchange packets with its host over one of the
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host's Ethertap devices, such as /dev/tap0. Additional running
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UMLs can use additional Ethertap devices, one per running UML.
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While the UML believes it's on a (multi-device, broadcast) virtual
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Ethernet network, it's in fact communicating over a point-to-point
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link with the host.
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To use this, your host kernel must have support for Ethertap
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devices. Also, if your host kernel is 2.4.x, it must have
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CONFIG_NETLINK_DEV configured as Y or M.
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For more information, see
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<http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/old/networking.html> That site
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has examples of the UML command line to use to enable Ethertap
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networking.
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If you'd like to set up an IP network with the host and/or the
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outside world, say Y to this, the Daemon Transport and/or the
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Slip Transport. You'll need at least one of them, but may choose
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more than one without conflict. If you don't need UML networking,
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say N.
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config UML_NET_TUNTAP
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bool "TUN/TAP transport"
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depends on UML_NET
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help
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The UML TUN/TAP network transport allows a UML instance to exchange
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packets with the host over a TUN/TAP device. This option will only
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work with a 2.4 host, unless you've applied the TUN/TAP patch to
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your 2.2 host kernel.
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To use this transport, your host kernel must have support for TUN/TAP
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devices, either built-in or as a module.
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config UML_NET_SLIP
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bool "SLIP transport"
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depends on UML_NET
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help
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The slip User-Mode Linux network transport allows a running UML to
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network with its host over a point-to-point link. Unlike Ethertap,
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which can carry any Ethernet frame (and hence even non-IP packets),
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the slip transport can only carry IP packets.
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To use this, your host must support slip devices.
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For more information, see
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<http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/old/networking.html>.
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has examples of the UML command line to use to enable slip
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networking, and details of a few quirks with it.
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The Ethertap Transport is preferred over slip because of its
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limitations. If you prefer slip, however, say Y here. Otherwise
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choose the Multicast transport (to network multiple UMLs on
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multiple hosts), Ethertap (to network with the host and the
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outside world), and/or the Daemon transport (to network multiple
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UMLs on a single host). You may choose more than one without
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conflict. If you don't need UML networking, say N.
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config UML_NET_DAEMON
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bool "Daemon transport"
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depends on UML_NET
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help
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This User-Mode Linux network transport allows one or more running
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UMLs on a single host to communicate with each other, but not to
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the host.
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To use this form of networking, you'll need to run the UML
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networking daemon on the host.
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For more information, see
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<http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/old/networking.html> That site
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has examples of the UML command line to use to enable Daemon
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networking.
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If you'd like to set up a network with other UMLs on a single host,
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say Y. If you need a network between UMLs on multiple physical
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hosts, choose the Multicast Transport. To set up a network with
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the host and/or other IP machines, say Y to the Ethertap or Slip
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transports. You'll need at least one of them, but may choose
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more than one without conflict. If you don't need UML networking,
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say N.
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config UML_NET_VDE
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bool "VDE transport"
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depends on UML_NET
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help
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This User-Mode Linux network transport allows one or more running
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UMLs on a single host to communicate with each other and also
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with the rest of the world using Virtual Distributed Ethernet,
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an improved fork of uml_switch.
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You must have libvdeplug installed in order to build the vde
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transport into UML.
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To use this form of networking, you will need to run vde_switch
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on the host.
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For more information, see <http://wiki.virtualsquare.org/>
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That site has a good overview of what VDE is and also examples
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of the UML command line to use to enable VDE networking.
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If you need UML networking with VDE,
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say Y.
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config UML_NET_MCAST
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bool "Multicast transport"
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depends on UML_NET
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help
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This Multicast User-Mode Linux network transport allows multiple
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UMLs (even ones running on different host machines!) to talk to
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each other over a virtual ethernet network. However, it requires
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at least one UML with one of the other transports to act as a
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bridge if any of them need to be able to talk to their hosts or any
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other IP machines.
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To use this, your host kernel(s) must support IP Multicasting.
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For more information, see
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<http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/old/networking.html> That site
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has examples of the UML command line to use to enable Multicast
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networking, and notes about the security of this approach.
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If you need UMLs on multiple physical hosts to communicate as if
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they shared an Ethernet network, say Y. If you need to communicate
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with other IP machines, make sure you select one of the other
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transports (possibly in addition to Multicast; they're not
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exclusive). If you don't need to network UMLs say N to each of
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the transports.
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config UML_NET_PCAP
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bool "pcap transport"
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depends on UML_NET
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help
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The pcap transport makes a pcap packet stream on the host look
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like an ethernet device inside UML. This is useful for making
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UML act as a network monitor for the host. You must have libcap
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installed in order to build the pcap transport into UML.
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For more information, see
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<http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/old/networking.html> That site
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has examples of the UML command line to use to enable this option.
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If you intend to use UML as a network monitor for the host, say
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Y here. Otherwise, say N.
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config UML_NET_SLIRP
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bool "SLiRP transport"
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depends on UML_NET
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help
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The SLiRP User-Mode Linux network transport allows a running UML
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to network by invoking a program that can handle SLIP encapsulated
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packets. This is commonly (but not limited to) the application
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known as SLiRP, a program that can re-socket IP packets back onto
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the host on which it is run. Only IP packets are supported,
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unlike other network transports that can handle all Ethernet
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frames. In general, slirp allows the UML the same IP connectivity
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to the outside world that the host user is permitted, and unlike
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other transports, SLiRP works without the need of root level
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privleges, setuid binaries, or SLIP devices on the host. This
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also means not every type of connection is possible, but most
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situations can be accommodated with carefully crafted slirp
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commands that can be passed along as part of the network device's
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setup string. The effect of this transport on the UML is similar
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that of a host behind a firewall that masquerades all network
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connections passing through it (but is less secure).
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To use this you should first have slirp compiled somewhere
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accessible on the host, and have read its documentation. If you
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don't need UML networking, say N.
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Startup example: "eth0=slirp,FE:FD:01:02:03:04,/usr/local/bin/slirp"
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endmenu
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