2d999e03b7
Lai's RCU-callback immediate-adoption patch changes the RCU tracing output, so update tracing.txt. Also update a few comments to clarify the synchronization design. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
440 lines
20 KiB
Text
440 lines
20 KiB
Text
CONFIG_RCU_TRACE debugfs Files and Formats
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The rcutree and rcutiny implementations of RCU provide debugfs trace
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output that summarizes counters and state. This information is useful for
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debugging RCU itself, and can sometimes also help to debug abuses of RCU.
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The following sections describe the debugfs files and formats, first
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for rcutree and next for rcutiny.
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CONFIG_TREE_RCU and CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU debugfs Files and Formats
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These implementations of RCU provides five debugfs files under the
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top-level directory RCU: rcu/rcudata (which displays fields in struct
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rcu_data), rcu/rcudata.csv (which is a .csv spreadsheet version of
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rcu/rcudata), rcu/rcugp (which displays grace-period counters),
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rcu/rcuhier (which displays the struct rcu_node hierarchy), and
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rcu/rcu_pending (which displays counts of the reasons that the
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rcu_pending() function decided that there was core RCU work to do).
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The output of "cat rcu/rcudata" looks as follows:
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rcu_sched:
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0 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=10951/1 dn=0 df=1101 of=0 ri=36 ql=0 b=10
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1 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=16117/1 dn=0 df=1015 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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2 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=1445/1 dn=0 df=1839 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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3 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=6681/1 dn=0 df=1545 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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4 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=1003/1 dn=0 df=1992 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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5 c=17829 g=17830 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=1 dt=3887/1 dn=0 df=3331 of=0 ri=4 ql=2 b=10
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6 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=859/1 dn=0 df=3224 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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7 c=17829 g=17830 pq=0 pqc=17829 qp=1 dt=3761/1 dn=0 df=1818 of=0 ri=0 ql=2 b=10
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rcu_bh:
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0 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=10951/1 dn=0 df=0 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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1 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=16117/1 dn=0 df=13 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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2 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=1445/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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3 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=6681/1 dn=0 df=9 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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4 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=1003/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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5 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=3887/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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6 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=859/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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7 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=3761/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
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The first section lists the rcu_data structures for rcu_sched, the second
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for rcu_bh. Note that CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU kernels will have an
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additional section for rcu_preempt. Each section has one line per CPU,
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or eight for this 8-CPU system. The fields are as follows:
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o The number at the beginning of each line is the CPU number.
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CPUs numbers followed by an exclamation mark are offline,
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but have been online at least once since boot. There will be
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no output for CPUs that have never been online, which can be
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a good thing in the surprisingly common case where NR_CPUS is
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substantially larger than the number of actual CPUs.
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o "c" is the count of grace periods that this CPU believes have
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completed. CPUs in dynticks idle mode may lag quite a ways
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behind, for example, CPU 4 under "rcu_sched" above, which has
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slept through the past 25 RCU grace periods. It is not unusual
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to see CPUs lagging by thousands of grace periods.
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o "g" is the count of grace periods that this CPU believes have
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started. Again, CPUs in dynticks idle mode may lag behind.
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If the "c" and "g" values are equal, this CPU has already
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reported a quiescent state for the last RCU grace period that
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it is aware of, otherwise, the CPU believes that it owes RCU a
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quiescent state.
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o "pq" indicates that this CPU has passed through a quiescent state
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for the current grace period. It is possible for "pq" to be
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"1" and "c" different than "g", which indicates that although
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the CPU has passed through a quiescent state, either (1) this
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CPU has not yet reported that fact, (2) some other CPU has not
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yet reported for this grace period, or (3) both.
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o "pqc" indicates which grace period the last-observed quiescent
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state for this CPU corresponds to. This is important for handling
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the race between CPU 0 reporting an extended dynticks-idle
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quiescent state for CPU 1 and CPU 1 suddenly waking up and
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reporting its own quiescent state. If CPU 1 was the last CPU
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for the current grace period, then the CPU that loses this race
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will attempt to incorrectly mark CPU 1 as having checked in for
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the next grace period!
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o "qp" indicates that RCU still expects a quiescent state from
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this CPU.
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o "dt" is the current value of the dyntick counter that is incremented
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when entering or leaving dynticks idle state, either by the
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scheduler or by irq. The number after the "/" is the interrupt
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nesting depth when in dyntick-idle state, or one greater than
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the interrupt-nesting depth otherwise.
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This field is displayed only for CONFIG_NO_HZ kernels.
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o "dn" is the current value of the dyntick counter that is incremented
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when entering or leaving dynticks idle state via NMI. If both
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the "dt" and "dn" values are even, then this CPU is in dynticks
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idle mode and may be ignored by RCU. If either of these two
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counters is odd, then RCU must be alert to the possibility of
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an RCU read-side critical section running on this CPU.
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This field is displayed only for CONFIG_NO_HZ kernels.
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o "df" is the number of times that some other CPU has forced a
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quiescent state on behalf of this CPU due to this CPU being in
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dynticks-idle state.
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This field is displayed only for CONFIG_NO_HZ kernels.
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o "of" is the number of times that some other CPU has forced a
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quiescent state on behalf of this CPU due to this CPU being
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offline. In a perfect world, this might neve happen, but it
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turns out that offlining and onlining a CPU can take several grace
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periods, and so there is likely to be an extended period of time
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when RCU believes that the CPU is online when it really is not.
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Please note that erring in the other direction (RCU believing a
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CPU is offline when it is really alive and kicking) is a fatal
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error, so it makes sense to err conservatively.
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o "ri" is the number of times that RCU has seen fit to send a
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reschedule IPI to this CPU in order to get it to report a
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quiescent state.
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o "ql" is the number of RCU callbacks currently residing on
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this CPU. This is the total number of callbacks, regardless
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of what state they are in (new, waiting for grace period to
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start, waiting for grace period to end, ready to invoke).
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o "b" is the batch limit for this CPU. If more than this number
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of RCU callbacks is ready to invoke, then the remainder will
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be deferred.
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o "ci" is the number of RCU callbacks that have been invoked for
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this CPU. Note that ci+ql is the number of callbacks that have
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been registered in absence of CPU-hotplug activity.
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o "co" is the number of RCU callbacks that have been orphaned due to
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this CPU going offline. These orphaned callbacks have been moved
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to an arbitrarily chosen online CPU.
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o "ca" is the number of RCU callbacks that have been adopted due to
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other CPUs going offline. Note that ci+co-ca+ql is the number of
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RCU callbacks registered on this CPU.
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There is also an rcu/rcudata.csv file with the same information in
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comma-separated-variable spreadsheet format.
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The output of "cat rcu/rcugp" looks as follows:
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rcu_sched: completed=33062 gpnum=33063
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rcu_bh: completed=464 gpnum=464
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Again, this output is for both "rcu_sched" and "rcu_bh". Note that
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kernels built with CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU will have an additional
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"rcu_preempt" line. The fields are taken from the rcu_state structure,
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and are as follows:
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o "completed" is the number of grace periods that have completed.
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It is comparable to the "c" field from rcu/rcudata in that a
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CPU whose "c" field matches the value of "completed" is aware
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that the corresponding RCU grace period has completed.
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o "gpnum" is the number of grace periods that have started. It is
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comparable to the "g" field from rcu/rcudata in that a CPU
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whose "g" field matches the value of "gpnum" is aware that the
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corresponding RCU grace period has started.
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If these two fields are equal (as they are for "rcu_bh" above),
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then there is no grace period in progress, in other words, RCU
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is idle. On the other hand, if the two fields differ (as they
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do for "rcu_sched" above), then an RCU grace period is in progress.
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The output of "cat rcu/rcuhier" looks as follows, with very long lines:
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c=6902 g=6903 s=2 jfq=3 j=72c7 nfqs=13142/nfqsng=0(13142) fqlh=6
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1/1 .>. 0:127 ^0
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3/3 .>. 0:35 ^0 0/0 .>. 36:71 ^1 0/0 .>. 72:107 ^2 0/0 .>. 108:127 ^3
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3/3f .>. 0:5 ^0 2/3 .>. 6:11 ^1 0/0 .>. 12:17 ^2 0/0 .>. 18:23 ^3 0/0 .>. 24:29 ^4 0/0 .>. 30:35 ^5 0/0 .>. 36:41 ^0 0/0 .>. 42:47 ^1 0/0 .>. 48:53 ^2 0/0 .>. 54:59 ^3 0/0 .>. 60:65 ^4 0/0 .>. 66:71 ^5 0/0 .>. 72:77 ^0 0/0 .>. 78:83 ^1 0/0 .>. 84:89 ^2 0/0 .>. 90:95 ^3 0/0 .>. 96:101 ^4 0/0 .>. 102:107 ^5 0/0 .>. 108:113 ^0 0/0 .>. 114:119 ^1 0/0 .>. 120:125 ^2 0/0 .>. 126:127 ^3
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rcu_bh:
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c=-226 g=-226 s=1 jfq=-5701 j=72c7 nfqs=88/nfqsng=0(88) fqlh=0
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0/1 .>. 0:127 ^0
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0/3 .>. 0:35 ^0 0/0 .>. 36:71 ^1 0/0 .>. 72:107 ^2 0/0 .>. 108:127 ^3
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0/3f .>. 0:5 ^0 0/3 .>. 6:11 ^1 0/0 .>. 12:17 ^2 0/0 .>. 18:23 ^3 0/0 .>. 24:29 ^4 0/0 .>. 30:35 ^5 0/0 .>. 36:41 ^0 0/0 .>. 42:47 ^1 0/0 .>. 48:53 ^2 0/0 .>. 54:59 ^3 0/0 .>. 60:65 ^4 0/0 .>. 66:71 ^5 0/0 .>. 72:77 ^0 0/0 .>. 78:83 ^1 0/0 .>. 84:89 ^2 0/0 .>. 90:95 ^3 0/0 .>. 96:101 ^4 0/0 .>. 102:107 ^5 0/0 .>. 108:113 ^0 0/0 .>. 114:119 ^1 0/0 .>. 120:125 ^2 0/0 .>. 126:127 ^3
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This is once again split into "rcu_sched" and "rcu_bh" portions,
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and CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU kernels will again have an additional
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"rcu_preempt" section. The fields are as follows:
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o "c" is exactly the same as "completed" under rcu/rcugp.
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o "g" is exactly the same as "gpnum" under rcu/rcugp.
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o "s" is the "signaled" state that drives force_quiescent_state()'s
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state machine.
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o "jfq" is the number of jiffies remaining for this grace period
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before force_quiescent_state() is invoked to help push things
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along. Note that CPUs in dyntick-idle mode throughout the grace
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period will not report on their own, but rather must be check by
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some other CPU via force_quiescent_state().
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o "j" is the low-order four hex digits of the jiffies counter.
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Yes, Paul did run into a number of problems that turned out to
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be due to the jiffies counter no longer counting. Why do you ask?
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o "nfqs" is the number of calls to force_quiescent_state() since
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boot.
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o "nfqsng" is the number of useless calls to force_quiescent_state(),
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where there wasn't actually a grace period active. This can
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happen due to races. The number in parentheses is the difference
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between "nfqs" and "nfqsng", or the number of times that
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force_quiescent_state() actually did some real work.
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o "fqlh" is the number of calls to force_quiescent_state() that
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exited immediately (without even being counted in nfqs above)
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due to contention on ->fqslock.
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o Each element of the form "1/1 0:127 ^0" represents one struct
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rcu_node. Each line represents one level of the hierarchy, from
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root to leaves. It is best to think of the rcu_data structures
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as forming yet another level after the leaves. Note that there
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might be either one, two, or three levels of rcu_node structures,
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depending on the relationship between CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT and
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CONFIG_NR_CPUS.
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o The numbers separated by the "/" are the qsmask followed
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by the qsmaskinit. The qsmask will have one bit
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set for each entity in the next lower level that
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has not yet checked in for the current grace period.
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The qsmaskinit will have one bit for each entity that is
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currently expected to check in during each grace period.
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The value of qsmaskinit is assigned to that of qsmask
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at the beginning of each grace period.
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For example, for "rcu_sched", the qsmask of the first
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entry of the lowest level is 0x14, meaning that we
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are still waiting for CPUs 2 and 4 to check in for the
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current grace period.
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o The characters separated by the ">" indicate the state
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of the blocked-tasks lists. A "T" preceding the ">"
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indicates that at least one task blocked in an RCU
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read-side critical section blocks the current grace
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period, while a "." preceding the ">" indicates otherwise.
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The character following the ">" indicates similarly for
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the next grace period. A "T" should appear in this
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field only for rcu-preempt.
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o The numbers separated by the ":" are the range of CPUs
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served by this struct rcu_node. This can be helpful
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in working out how the hierarchy is wired together.
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For example, the first entry at the lowest level shows
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"0:5", indicating that it covers CPUs 0 through 5.
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o The number after the "^" indicates the bit in the
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next higher level rcu_node structure that this
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rcu_node structure corresponds to.
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For example, the first entry at the lowest level shows
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"^0", indicating that it corresponds to bit zero in
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the first entry at the middle level.
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The output of "cat rcu/rcu_pending" looks as follows:
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rcu_sched:
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0 np=255892 qsp=53936 rpq=85 cbr=0 cng=14417 gpc=10033 gps=24320 nf=6445 nn=146741
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1 np=261224 qsp=54638 rpq=33 cbr=0 cng=25723 gpc=16310 gps=2849 nf=5912 nn=155792
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2 np=237496 qsp=49664 rpq=23 cbr=0 cng=2762 gpc=45478 gps=1762 nf=1201 nn=136629
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3 np=236249 qsp=48766 rpq=98 cbr=0 cng=286 gpc=48049 gps=1218 nf=207 nn=137723
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4 np=221310 qsp=46850 rpq=7 cbr=0 cng=26 gpc=43161 gps=4634 nf=3529 nn=123110
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5 np=237332 qsp=48449 rpq=9 cbr=0 cng=54 gpc=47920 gps=3252 nf=201 nn=137456
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6 np=219995 qsp=46718 rpq=12 cbr=0 cng=50 gpc=42098 gps=6093 nf=4202 nn=120834
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7 np=249893 qsp=49390 rpq=42 cbr=0 cng=72 gpc=38400 gps=17102 nf=41 nn=144888
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rcu_bh:
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0 np=146741 qsp=1419 rpq=6 cbr=0 cng=6 gpc=0 gps=0 nf=2 nn=145314
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1 np=155792 qsp=12597 rpq=3 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=4 gps=8 nf=3 nn=143180
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2 np=136629 qsp=18680 rpq=1 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=7 gps=6 nf=0 nn=117936
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3 np=137723 qsp=2843 rpq=0 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=10 gps=7 nf=0 nn=134863
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4 np=123110 qsp=12433 rpq=0 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=4 gps=2 nf=0 nn=110671
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5 np=137456 qsp=4210 rpq=1 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=6 gps=5 nf=0 nn=133235
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6 np=120834 qsp=9902 rpq=2 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=6 gps=3 nf=2 nn=110921
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7 np=144888 qsp=26336 rpq=0 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=8 gps=2 nf=0 nn=118542
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As always, this is once again split into "rcu_sched" and "rcu_bh"
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portions, with CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU kernels having an additional
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"rcu_preempt" section. The fields are as follows:
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o "np" is the number of times that __rcu_pending() has been invoked
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for the corresponding flavor of RCU.
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o "qsp" is the number of times that the RCU was waiting for a
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quiescent state from this CPU.
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o "rpq" is the number of times that the CPU had passed through
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a quiescent state, but not yet reported it to RCU.
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o "cbr" is the number of times that this CPU had RCU callbacks
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that had passed through a grace period, and were thus ready
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to be invoked.
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o "cng" is the number of times that this CPU needed another
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grace period while RCU was idle.
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o "gpc" is the number of times that an old grace period had
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completed, but this CPU was not yet aware of it.
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o "gps" is the number of times that a new grace period had started,
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but this CPU was not yet aware of it.
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o "nf" is the number of times that this CPU suspected that the
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current grace period had run for too long, and thus needed to
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be forced.
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Please note that "forcing" consists of sending resched IPIs
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to holdout CPUs. If that CPU really still is in an old RCU
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read-side critical section, then we really do have to wait for it.
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The assumption behing "forcing" is that the CPU is not still in
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an old RCU read-side critical section, but has not yet responded
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for some other reason.
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o "nn" is the number of times that this CPU needed nothing. Alert
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readers will note that the rcu "nn" number for a given CPU very
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closely matches the rcu_bh "np" number for that same CPU. This
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is due to short-circuit evaluation in rcu_pending().
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CONFIG_TINY_RCU and CONFIG_TINY_PREEMPT_RCU debugfs Files and Formats
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These implementations of RCU provides a single debugfs file under the
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top-level directory RCU, namely rcu/rcudata, which displays fields in
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rcu_bh_ctrlblk, rcu_sched_ctrlblk and, for CONFIG_TINY_PREEMPT_RCU,
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rcu_preempt_ctrlblk.
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The output of "cat rcu/rcudata" is as follows:
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rcu_preempt: qlen=24 gp=1097669 g197/p197/c197 tasks=...
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ttb=. btg=no ntb=184 neb=0 nnb=183 j=01f7 bt=0274
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normal balk: nt=1097669 gt=0 bt=371 b=0 ny=25073378 nos=0
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exp balk: bt=0 nos=0
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rcu_sched: qlen: 0
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rcu_bh: qlen: 0
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This is split into rcu_preempt, rcu_sched, and rcu_bh sections, with the
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rcu_preempt section appearing only in CONFIG_TINY_PREEMPT_RCU builds.
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The last three lines of the rcu_preempt section appear only in
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CONFIG_RCU_BOOST kernel builds. The fields are as follows:
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o "qlen" is the number of RCU callbacks currently waiting either
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for an RCU grace period or waiting to be invoked. This is the
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only field present for rcu_sched and rcu_bh, due to the
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short-circuiting of grace period in those two cases.
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o "gp" is the number of grace periods that have completed.
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|
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o "g197/p197/c197" displays the grace-period state, with the
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"g" number being the number of grace periods that have started
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(mod 256), the "p" number being the number of grace periods
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|
that the CPU has responded to (also mod 256), and the "c"
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number being the number of grace periods that have completed
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(once again mode 256).
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Why have both "gp" and "g"? Because the data flowing into
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"gp" is only present in a CONFIG_RCU_TRACE kernel.
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o "tasks" is a set of bits. The first bit is "T" if there are
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currently tasks that have recently blocked within an RCU
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read-side critical section, the second bit is "N" if any of the
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aforementioned tasks are blocking the current RCU grace period,
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|
and the third bit is "E" if any of the aforementioned tasks are
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|
blocking the current expedited grace period. Each bit is "."
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|
if the corresponding condition does not hold.
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|
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o "ttb" is a single bit. It is "B" if any of the blocked tasks
|
|
need to be priority boosted and "." otherwise.
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|
|
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o "btg" indicates whether boosting has been carried out during
|
|
the current grace period, with "exp" indicating that boosting
|
|
is in progress for an expedited grace period, "no" indicating
|
|
that boosting has not yet started for a normal grace period,
|
|
"begun" indicating that boosting has bebug for a normal grace
|
|
period, and "done" indicating that boosting has completed for
|
|
a normal grace period.
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|
|
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o "ntb" is the total number of tasks subjected to RCU priority boosting
|
|
periods since boot.
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|
|
|
o "neb" is the number of expedited grace periods that have had
|
|
to resort to RCU priority boosting since boot.
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|
|
|
o "nnb" is the number of normal grace periods that have had
|
|
to resort to RCU priority boosting since boot.
|
|
|
|
o "j" is the low-order 12 bits of the jiffies counter in hexadecimal.
|
|
|
|
o "bt" is the low-order 12 bits of the value that the jiffies counter
|
|
will have at the next time that boosting is scheduled to begin.
|
|
|
|
o In the line beginning with "normal balk", the fields are as follows:
|
|
|
|
o "nt" is the number of times that the system balked from
|
|
boosting because there were no blocked tasks to boost.
|
|
Note that the system will balk from boosting even if the
|
|
grace period is overdue when the currently running task
|
|
is looping within an RCU read-side critical section.
|
|
There is no point in boosting in this case, because
|
|
boosting a running task won't make it run any faster.
|
|
|
|
o "gt" is the number of times that the system balked
|
|
from boosting because, although there were blocked tasks,
|
|
none of them were preventing the current grace period
|
|
from completing.
|
|
|
|
o "bt" is the number of times that the system balked
|
|
from boosting because boosting was already in progress.
|
|
|
|
o "b" is the number of times that the system balked from
|
|
boosting because boosting had already completed for
|
|
the grace period in question.
|
|
|
|
o "ny" is the number of times that the system balked from
|
|
boosting because it was not yet time to start boosting
|
|
the grace period in question.
|
|
|
|
o "nos" is the number of times that the system balked from
|
|
boosting for inexplicable ("not otherwise specified")
|
|
reasons. This can actually happen due to races involving
|
|
increments of the jiffies counter.
|
|
|
|
o In the line beginning with "exp balk", the fields are as follows:
|
|
|
|
o "bt" is the number of times that the system balked from
|
|
boosting because there were no blocked tasks to boost.
|
|
|
|
o "nos" is the number of times that the system balked from
|
|
boosting for inexplicable ("not otherwise specified")
|
|
reasons.
|