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kernel-fxtec-pro1x/fs/xfs/xfs_ag.h
David Chinner 92821e2ba4 [XFS] Lazy Superblock Counters 
When we have a couple of hundred transactions on the fly at once, they all
typically modify the on disk superblock in some way.
create/unclink/mkdir/rmdir modify inode counts, allocation/freeing modify
free block counts.

When these counts are modified in a transaction, they must eventually lock
the superblock buffer and apply the mods. The buffer then remains locked
until the transaction is committed into the incore log buffer. The result
of this is that with enough transactions on the fly the incore superblock
buffer becomes a bottleneck.

The result of contention on the incore superblock buffer is that
transaction rates fall - the more pressure that is put on the superblock
buffer, the slower things go.

The key to removing the contention is to not require the superblock fields
in question to be locked. We do that by not marking the superblock dirty
in the transaction. IOWs, we modify the incore superblock but do not
modify the cached superblock buffer. In short, we do not log superblock
modifications to critical fields in the superblock on every transaction.
In fact we only do it just before we write the superblock to disk every
sync period or just before unmount.

This creates an interesting problem - if we don't log or write out the
fields in every transaction, then how do the values get recovered after a
crash? the answer is simple - we keep enough duplicate, logged information
in other structures that we can reconstruct the correct count after log
recovery has been performed.

It is the AGF and AGI structures that contain the duplicate information;
after recovery, we walk every AGI and AGF and sum their individual
counters to get the correct value, and we do a transaction into the log to
correct them. An optimisation of this is that if we have a clean unmount
record, we know the value in the superblock is correct, so we can avoid
the summation walk under normal conditions and so mount/recovery times do
not change under normal operation.

One wrinkle that was discovered during development was that the blocks
used in the freespace btrees are never accounted for in the AGF counters.
This was once a valid optimisation to make; when the filesystem is full,
the free space btrees are empty and consume no space. Hence when it
matters, the "accounting" is correct. But that means the when we do the
AGF summations, we would not have a correct count and xfs_check would
complain. Hence a new counter was added to track the number of blocks used
by the free space btrees. This is an *on-disk format change*.

As a result of this, lazy superblock counters are a mkfs option and at the
moment on linux there is no way to convert an old filesystem. This is
possible - xfs_db can be used to twiddle the right bits and then
xfs_repair will do the format conversion for you. Similarly, you can
convert backwards as well. At some point we'll add functionality to
xfs_admin to do the bit twiddling easily....

SGI-PV: 964999
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:28652a

Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
2007-07-14 15:28:50 +10:00

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2000-2003,2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
* All Rights Reserved.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#ifndef __XFS_AG_H__
#define __XFS_AG_H__
/*
* Allocation group header
* This is divided into three structures, placed in sequential 512-byte
* buffers after a copy of the superblock (also in a 512-byte buffer).
*/
struct xfs_buf;
struct xfs_mount;
struct xfs_trans;
#define XFS_AGF_MAGIC 0x58414746 /* 'XAGF' */
#define XFS_AGI_MAGIC 0x58414749 /* 'XAGI' */
#define XFS_AGF_VERSION 1
#define XFS_AGI_VERSION 1
#define XFS_AGF_GOOD_VERSION(v) ((v) == XFS_AGF_VERSION)
#define XFS_AGI_GOOD_VERSION(v) ((v) == XFS_AGI_VERSION)
/*
* Btree number 0 is bno, 1 is cnt. This value gives the size of the
* arrays below.
*/
#define XFS_BTNUM_AGF ((int)XFS_BTNUM_CNTi + 1)
/*
* The second word of agf_levels in the first a.g. overlaps the EFS
* superblock's magic number. Since the magic numbers valid for EFS
* are > 64k, our value cannot be confused for an EFS superblock's.
*/
typedef struct xfs_agf {
/*
* Common allocation group header information
*/
__be32 agf_magicnum; /* magic number == XFS_AGF_MAGIC */
__be32 agf_versionnum; /* header version == XFS_AGF_VERSION */
__be32 agf_seqno; /* sequence # starting from 0 */
__be32 agf_length; /* size in blocks of a.g. */
/*
* Freespace information
*/
__be32 agf_roots[XFS_BTNUM_AGF]; /* root blocks */
__be32 agf_spare0; /* spare field */
__be32 agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_AGF]; /* btree levels */
__be32 agf_spare1; /* spare field */
__be32 agf_flfirst; /* first freelist block's index */
__be32 agf_fllast; /* last freelist block's index */
__be32 agf_flcount; /* count of blocks in freelist */
__be32 agf_freeblks; /* total free blocks */
__be32 agf_longest; /* longest free space */
__be32 agf_btreeblks; /* # of blocks held in AGF btrees */
} xfs_agf_t;
#define XFS_AGF_MAGICNUM 0x00000001
#define XFS_AGF_VERSIONNUM 0x00000002
#define XFS_AGF_SEQNO 0x00000004
#define XFS_AGF_LENGTH 0x00000008
#define XFS_AGF_ROOTS 0x00000010
#define XFS_AGF_LEVELS 0x00000020
#define XFS_AGF_FLFIRST 0x00000040
#define XFS_AGF_FLLAST 0x00000080
#define XFS_AGF_FLCOUNT 0x00000100
#define XFS_AGF_FREEBLKS 0x00000200
#define XFS_AGF_LONGEST 0x00000400
#define XFS_AGF_BTREEBLKS 0x00000800
#define XFS_AGF_NUM_BITS 12
#define XFS_AGF_ALL_BITS ((1 << XFS_AGF_NUM_BITS) - 1)
/* disk block (xfs_daddr_t) in the AG */
#define XFS_AGF_DADDR(mp) ((xfs_daddr_t)(1 << (mp)->m_sectbb_log))
#define XFS_AGF_BLOCK(mp) XFS_HDR_BLOCK(mp, XFS_AGF_DADDR(mp))
#define XFS_BUF_TO_AGF(bp) ((xfs_agf_t *)XFS_BUF_PTR(bp))
/*
* Size of the unlinked inode hash table in the agi.
*/
#define XFS_AGI_UNLINKED_BUCKETS 64
typedef struct xfs_agi {
/*
* Common allocation group header information
*/
__be32 agi_magicnum; /* magic number == XFS_AGI_MAGIC */
__be32 agi_versionnum; /* header version == XFS_AGI_VERSION */
__be32 agi_seqno; /* sequence # starting from 0 */
__be32 agi_length; /* size in blocks of a.g. */
/*
* Inode information
* Inodes are mapped by interpreting the inode number, so no
* mapping data is needed here.
*/
__be32 agi_count; /* count of allocated inodes */
__be32 agi_root; /* root of inode btree */
__be32 agi_level; /* levels in inode btree */
__be32 agi_freecount; /* number of free inodes */
__be32 agi_newino; /* new inode just allocated */
__be32 agi_dirino; /* last directory inode chunk */
/*
* Hash table of inodes which have been unlinked but are
* still being referenced.
*/
__be32 agi_unlinked[XFS_AGI_UNLINKED_BUCKETS];
} xfs_agi_t;
#define XFS_AGI_MAGICNUM 0x00000001
#define XFS_AGI_VERSIONNUM 0x00000002
#define XFS_AGI_SEQNO 0x00000004
#define XFS_AGI_LENGTH 0x00000008
#define XFS_AGI_COUNT 0x00000010
#define XFS_AGI_ROOT 0x00000020
#define XFS_AGI_LEVEL 0x00000040
#define XFS_AGI_FREECOUNT 0x00000080
#define XFS_AGI_NEWINO 0x00000100
#define XFS_AGI_DIRINO 0x00000200
#define XFS_AGI_UNLINKED 0x00000400
#define XFS_AGI_NUM_BITS 11
#define XFS_AGI_ALL_BITS ((1 << XFS_AGI_NUM_BITS) - 1)
/* disk block (xfs_daddr_t) in the AG */
#define XFS_AGI_DADDR(mp) ((xfs_daddr_t)(2 << (mp)->m_sectbb_log))
#define XFS_AGI_BLOCK(mp) XFS_HDR_BLOCK(mp, XFS_AGI_DADDR(mp))
#define XFS_BUF_TO_AGI(bp) ((xfs_agi_t *)XFS_BUF_PTR(bp))
/*
* The third a.g. block contains the a.g. freelist, an array
* of block pointers to blocks owned by the allocation btree code.
*/
#define XFS_AGFL_DADDR(mp) ((xfs_daddr_t)(3 << (mp)->m_sectbb_log))
#define XFS_AGFL_BLOCK(mp) XFS_HDR_BLOCK(mp, XFS_AGFL_DADDR(mp))
#define XFS_AGFL_SIZE(mp) ((mp)->m_sb.sb_sectsize / sizeof(xfs_agblock_t))
#define XFS_BUF_TO_AGFL(bp) ((xfs_agfl_t *)XFS_BUF_PTR(bp))
typedef struct xfs_agfl {
__be32 agfl_bno[1]; /* actually XFS_AGFL_SIZE(mp) */
} xfs_agfl_t;
/*
* Busy block/extent entry. Used in perag to mark blocks that have been freed
* but whose transactions aren't committed to disk yet.
*/
typedef struct xfs_perag_busy {
xfs_agblock_t busy_start;
xfs_extlen_t busy_length;
struct xfs_trans *busy_tp; /* transaction that did the free */
} xfs_perag_busy_t;
/*
* Per-ag incore structure, copies of information in agf and agi,
* to improve the performance of allocation group selection.
*
* pick sizes which fit in allocation buckets well
*/
#if (BITS_PER_LONG == 32)
#define XFS_PAGB_NUM_SLOTS 84
#elif (BITS_PER_LONG == 64)
#define XFS_PAGB_NUM_SLOTS 128
#endif
typedef struct xfs_perag
{
char pagf_init; /* this agf's entry is initialized */
char pagi_init; /* this agi's entry is initialized */
char pagf_metadata; /* the agf is preferred to be metadata */
char pagi_inodeok; /* The agi is ok for inodes */
__uint8_t pagf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_AGF];
/* # of levels in bno & cnt btree */
__uint32_t pagf_flcount; /* count of blocks in freelist */
xfs_extlen_t pagf_freeblks; /* total free blocks */
xfs_extlen_t pagf_longest; /* longest free space */
__uint32_t pagf_btreeblks; /* # of blocks held in AGF btrees */
xfs_agino_t pagi_freecount; /* number of free inodes */
xfs_agino_t pagi_count; /* number of allocated inodes */
int pagb_count; /* pagb slots in use */
#ifdef __KERNEL__
lock_t pagb_lock; /* lock for pagb_list */
#endif
xfs_perag_busy_t *pagb_list; /* unstable blocks */
} xfs_perag_t;
#define XFS_AG_MAXLEVELS(mp) ((mp)->m_ag_maxlevels)
#define XFS_MIN_FREELIST_RAW(bl,cl,mp) \
(MIN(bl + 1, XFS_AG_MAXLEVELS(mp)) + MIN(cl + 1, XFS_AG_MAXLEVELS(mp)))
#define XFS_MIN_FREELIST(a,mp) \
(XFS_MIN_FREELIST_RAW( \
be32_to_cpu((a)->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_BNOi]), \
be32_to_cpu((a)->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_CNTi]), mp))
#define XFS_MIN_FREELIST_PAG(pag,mp) \
(XFS_MIN_FREELIST_RAW( \
(uint_t)(pag)->pagf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_BNOi], \
(uint_t)(pag)->pagf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_CNTi], mp))
#define XFS_AGB_TO_FSB(mp,agno,agbno) \
(((xfs_fsblock_t)(agno) << (mp)->m_sb.sb_agblklog) | (agbno))
#define XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp,fsbno) \
((xfs_agnumber_t)((fsbno) >> (mp)->m_sb.sb_agblklog))
#define XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp,fsbno) \
((xfs_agblock_t)((fsbno) & XFS_MASK32LO((mp)->m_sb.sb_agblklog)))
#define XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp,agno,agbno) \
((xfs_daddr_t)XFS_FSB_TO_BB(mp, \
(xfs_fsblock_t)(agno) * (mp)->m_sb.sb_agblocks + (agbno)))
#define XFS_AG_DADDR(mp,agno,d) (XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp, agno, 0) + (d))
/*
* For checking for bad ranges of xfs_daddr_t's, covering multiple
* allocation groups or a single xfs_daddr_t that's a superblock copy.
*/
#define XFS_AG_CHECK_DADDR(mp,d,len) \
((len) == 1 ? \
ASSERT((d) == XFS_SB_DADDR || \
XFS_DADDR_TO_AGBNO(mp, d) != XFS_SB_DADDR) : \
ASSERT(XFS_DADDR_TO_AGNO(mp, d) == \
XFS_DADDR_TO_AGNO(mp, (d) + (len) - 1)))
#endif /* __XFS_AG_H__ */
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