/* * core.c - Kernel Live Patching Core * * Copyright (C) 2014 Seth Jennings * Copyright (C) 2014 SUSE * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, see . */ #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "patch.h" #include "transition.h" /* * klp_mutex is a coarse lock which serializes access to klp data. All * accesses to klp-related variables and structures must have mutex protection, * except within the following functions which carefully avoid the need for it: * * - klp_ftrace_handler() * - klp_update_patch_state() */ DEFINE_MUTEX(klp_mutex); static LIST_HEAD(klp_patches); static struct kobject *klp_root_kobj; static bool klp_is_module(struct klp_object *obj) { return obj->name; } static bool klp_is_object_loaded(struct klp_object *obj) { return !obj->name || obj->mod; } /* sets obj->mod if object is not vmlinux and module is found */ static void klp_find_object_module(struct klp_object *obj) { struct module *mod; if (!klp_is_module(obj)) return; mutex_lock(&module_mutex); /* * We do not want to block removal of patched modules and therefore * we do not take a reference here. The patches are removed by * klp_module_going() instead. */ mod = find_module(obj->name); /* * Do not mess work of klp_module_coming() and klp_module_going(). * Note that the patch might still be needed before klp_module_going() * is called. Module functions can be called even in the GOING state * until mod->exit() finishes. This is especially important for * patches that modify semantic of the functions. */ if (mod && mod->klp_alive) obj->mod = mod; mutex_unlock(&module_mutex); } static bool klp_is_patch_registered(struct klp_patch *patch) { struct klp_patch *mypatch; list_for_each_entry(mypatch, &klp_patches, list) if (mypatch == patch) return true; return false; } static bool klp_initialized(void) { return !!klp_root_kobj; } struct klp_find_arg { const char *objname; const char *name; unsigned long addr; unsigned long count; unsigned long pos; }; static int klp_find_callback(void *data, const char *name, struct module *mod, unsigned long addr) { struct klp_find_arg *args = data; if ((mod && !args->objname) || (!mod && args->objname)) return 0; if (strcmp(args->name, name)) return 0; if (args->objname && strcmp(args->objname, mod->name)) return 0; args->addr = addr; args->count++; /* * Finish the search when the symbol is found for the desired position * or the position is not defined for a non-unique symbol. */ if ((args->pos && (args->count == args->pos)) || (!args->pos && (args->count > 1))) return 1; return 0; } static int klp_find_object_symbol(const char *objname, const char *name, unsigned long sympos, unsigned long *addr) { struct klp_find_arg args = { .objname = objname, .name = name, .addr = 0, .count = 0, .pos = sympos, }; mutex_lock(&module_mutex); kallsyms_on_each_symbol(klp_find_callback, &args); mutex_unlock(&module_mutex); /* * Ensure an address was found. If sympos is 0, ensure symbol is unique; * otherwise ensure the symbol position count matches sympos. */ if (args.addr == 0) pr_err("symbol '%s' not found in symbol table\n", name); else if (args.count > 1 && sympos == 0) { pr_err("unresolvable ambiguity for symbol '%s' in object '%s'\n", name, objname); } else if (sympos != args.count && sympos > 0) { pr_err("symbol position %lu for symbol '%s' in object '%s' not found\n", sympos, name, objname ? objname : "vmlinux"); } else { *addr = args.addr; return 0; } *addr = 0; return -EINVAL; } static int klp_resolve_symbols(Elf_Shdr *relasec, struct module *pmod) { int i, cnt, vmlinux, ret; char objname[MODULE_NAME_LEN]; char symname[KSYM_NAME_LEN]; char *strtab = pmod->core_kallsyms.strtab; Elf_Rela *relas; Elf_Sym *sym; unsigned long sympos, addr; /* * Since the field widths for objname and symname in the sscanf() * call are hard-coded and correspond to MODULE_NAME_LEN and * KSYM_NAME_LEN respectively, we must make sure that MODULE_NAME_LEN * and KSYM_NAME_LEN have the values we expect them to have. * * Because the value of MODULE_NAME_LEN can differ among architectures, * we use the smallest/strictest upper bound possible (56, based on * the current definition of MODULE_NAME_LEN) to prevent overflows. */ BUILD_BUG_ON(MODULE_NAME_LEN < 56 || KSYM_NAME_LEN != 128); relas = (Elf_Rela *) relasec->sh_addr; /* For each rela in this klp relocation section */ for (i = 0; i < relasec->sh_size / sizeof(Elf_Rela); i++) { sym = pmod->core_kallsyms.symtab + ELF_R_SYM(relas[i].r_info); if (sym->st_shndx != SHN_LIVEPATCH) { pr_err("symbol %s is not marked as a livepatch symbol", strtab + sym->st_name); return -EINVAL; } /* Format: .klp.sym.objname.symname,sympos */ cnt = sscanf(strtab + sym->st_name, ".klp.sym.%55[^.].%127[^,],%lu", objname, symname, &sympos); if (cnt != 3) { pr_err("symbol %s has an incorrectly formatted name", strtab + sym->st_name); return -EINVAL; } /* klp_find_object_symbol() treats a NULL objname as vmlinux */ vmlinux = !strcmp(objname, "vmlinux"); ret = klp_find_object_symbol(vmlinux ? NULL : objname, symname, sympos, &addr); if (ret) return ret; sym->st_value = addr; } return 0; } static int klp_write_object_relocations(struct module *pmod, struct klp_object *obj) { int i, cnt, ret = 0; const char *objname, *secname; char sec_objname[MODULE_NAME_LEN]; Elf_Shdr *sec; if (WARN_ON(!klp_is_object_loaded(obj))) return -EINVAL; objname = klp_is_module(obj) ? obj->name : "vmlinux"; /* For each klp relocation section */ for (i = 1; i < pmod->klp_info->hdr.e_shnum; i++) { sec = pmod->klp_info->sechdrs + i; secname = pmod->klp_info->secstrings + sec->sh_name; if (!(sec->sh_flags & SHF_RELA_LIVEPATCH)) continue; /* * Format: .klp.rela.sec_objname.section_name * See comment in klp_resolve_symbols() for an explanation * of the selected field width value. */ cnt = sscanf(secname, ".klp.rela.%55[^.]", sec_objname); if (cnt != 1) { pr_err("section %s has an incorrectly formatted name", secname); ret = -EINVAL; break; } if (strcmp(objname, sec_objname)) continue; ret = klp_resolve_symbols(sec, pmod); if (ret) break; ret = apply_relocate_add(pmod->klp_info->sechdrs, pmod->core_kallsyms.strtab, pmod->klp_info->symndx, i, pmod); if (ret) break; } return ret; } static int __klp_disable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch) { if (klp_transition_patch) return -EBUSY; /* enforce stacking: only the last enabled patch can be disabled */ if (!list_is_last(&patch->list, &klp_patches) && list_next_entry(patch, list)->enabled) return -EBUSY; klp_init_transition(patch, KLP_UNPATCHED); /* * Enforce the order of the func->transition writes in * klp_init_transition() and the TIF_PATCH_PENDING writes in * klp_start_transition(). In the rare case where klp_ftrace_handler() * is called shortly after klp_update_patch_state() switches the task, * this ensures the handler sees that func->transition is set. */ smp_wmb(); klp_start_transition(); klp_try_complete_transition(); patch->enabled = false; return 0; } /** * klp_disable_patch() - disables a registered patch * @patch: The registered, enabled patch to be disabled * * Unregisters the patched functions from ftrace. * * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error */ int klp_disable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch) { int ret; mutex_lock(&klp_mutex); if (!klp_is_patch_registered(patch)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto err; } if (!patch->enabled) { ret = -EINVAL; goto err; } ret = __klp_disable_patch(patch); err: mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_disable_patch); static int __klp_enable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch) { struct klp_object *obj; int ret; if (klp_transition_patch) return -EBUSY; if (WARN_ON(patch->enabled)) return -EINVAL; /* enforce stacking: only the first disabled patch can be enabled */ if (patch->list.prev != &klp_patches && !list_prev_entry(patch, list)->enabled) return -EBUSY; /* * A reference is taken on the patch module to prevent it from being * unloaded. * * Note: For immediate (no consistency model) patches we don't allow * patch modules to unload since there is no safe/sane method to * determine if a thread is still running in the patched code contained * in the patch module once the ftrace registration is successful. */ if (!try_module_get(patch->mod)) return -ENODEV; pr_notice("enabling patch '%s'\n", patch->mod->name); klp_init_transition(patch, KLP_PATCHED); /* * Enforce the order of the func->transition writes in * klp_init_transition() and the ops->func_stack writes in * klp_patch_object(), so that klp_ftrace_handler() will see the * func->transition updates before the handler is registered and the * new funcs become visible to the handler. */ smp_wmb(); klp_for_each_object(patch, obj) { if (!klp_is_object_loaded(obj)) continue; ret = klp_patch_object(obj); if (ret) { pr_warn("failed to enable patch '%s'\n", patch->mod->name); klp_cancel_transition(); return ret; } } klp_start_transition(); klp_try_complete_transition(); patch->enabled = true; return 0; } /** * klp_enable_patch() - enables a registered patch * @patch: The registered, disabled patch to be enabled * * Performs the needed symbol lookups and code relocations, * then registers the patched functions with ftrace. * * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error */ int klp_enable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch) { int ret; mutex_lock(&klp_mutex); if (!klp_is_patch_registered(patch)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto err; } ret = __klp_enable_patch(patch); err: mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_enable_patch); /* * Sysfs Interface * * /sys/kernel/livepatch * /sys/kernel/livepatch/ * /sys/kernel/livepatch//enabled * /sys/kernel/livepatch//transition * /sys/kernel/livepatch// * /sys/kernel/livepatch/// */ static ssize_t enabled_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count) { struct klp_patch *patch; int ret; bool enabled; ret = kstrtobool(buf, &enabled); if (ret) return ret; patch = container_of(kobj, struct klp_patch, kobj); mutex_lock(&klp_mutex); if (!klp_is_patch_registered(patch)) { /* * Module with the patch could either disappear meanwhile or is * not properly initialized yet. */ ret = -EINVAL; goto err; } if (patch->enabled == enabled) { /* already in requested state */ ret = -EINVAL; goto err; } if (patch == klp_transition_patch) { klp_reverse_transition(); } else if (enabled) { ret = __klp_enable_patch(patch); if (ret) goto err; } else { ret = __klp_disable_patch(patch); if (ret) goto err; } mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); return count; err: mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); return ret; } static ssize_t enabled_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf) { struct klp_patch *patch; patch = container_of(kobj, struct klp_patch, kobj); return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE-1, "%d\n", patch->enabled); } static ssize_t transition_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf) { struct klp_patch *patch; patch = container_of(kobj, struct klp_patch, kobj); return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE-1, "%d\n", patch == klp_transition_patch); } static struct kobj_attribute enabled_kobj_attr = __ATTR_RW(enabled); static struct kobj_attribute transition_kobj_attr = __ATTR_RO(transition); static struct attribute *klp_patch_attrs[] = { &enabled_kobj_attr.attr, &transition_kobj_attr.attr, NULL }; static void klp_kobj_release_patch(struct kobject *kobj) { struct klp_patch *patch; patch = container_of(kobj, struct klp_patch, kobj); complete(&patch->finish); } static struct kobj_type klp_ktype_patch = { .release = klp_kobj_release_patch, .sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops, .default_attrs = klp_patch_attrs, }; static void klp_kobj_release_object(struct kobject *kobj) { } static struct kobj_type klp_ktype_object = { .release = klp_kobj_release_object, .sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops, }; static void klp_kobj_release_func(struct kobject *kobj) { } static struct kobj_type klp_ktype_func = { .release = klp_kobj_release_func, .sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops, }; /* * Free all functions' kobjects in the array up to some limit. When limit is * NULL, all kobjects are freed. */ static void klp_free_funcs_limited(struct klp_object *obj, struct klp_func *limit) { struct klp_func *func; for (func = obj->funcs; func->old_name && func != limit; func++) kobject_put(&func->kobj); } /* Clean up when a patched object is unloaded */ static void klp_free_object_loaded(struct klp_object *obj) { struct klp_func *func; obj->mod = NULL; klp_for_each_func(obj, func) func->old_addr = 0; } /* * Free all objects' kobjects in the array up to some limit. When limit is * NULL, all kobjects are freed. */ static void klp_free_objects_limited(struct klp_patch *patch, struct klp_object *limit) { struct klp_object *obj; for (obj = patch->objs; obj->funcs && obj != limit; obj++) { klp_free_funcs_limited(obj, NULL); kobject_put(&obj->kobj); } } static void klp_free_patch(struct klp_patch *patch) { klp_free_objects_limited(patch, NULL); if (!list_empty(&patch->list)) list_del(&patch->list); } static int klp_init_func(struct klp_object *obj, struct klp_func *func) { if (!func->old_name || !func->new_func) return -EINVAL; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&func->stack_node); func->patched = false; func->transition = false; /* The format for the sysfs directory is where sympos * is the nth occurrence of this symbol in kallsyms for the patched * object. If the user selects 0 for old_sympos, then 1 will be used * since a unique symbol will be the first occurrence. */ return kobject_init_and_add(&func->kobj, &klp_ktype_func, &obj->kobj, "%s,%lu", func->old_name, func->old_sympos ? func->old_sympos : 1); } /* Arches may override this to finish any remaining arch-specific tasks */ void __weak arch_klp_init_object_loaded(struct klp_patch *patch, struct klp_object *obj) { } /* parts of the initialization that is done only when the object is loaded */ static int klp_init_object_loaded(struct klp_patch *patch, struct klp_object *obj) { struct klp_func *func; int ret; module_disable_ro(patch->mod); ret = klp_write_object_relocations(patch->mod, obj); if (ret) { module_enable_ro(patch->mod, true); return ret; } arch_klp_init_object_loaded(patch, obj); module_enable_ro(patch->mod, true); klp_for_each_func(obj, func) { ret = klp_find_object_symbol(obj->name, func->old_name, func->old_sympos, &func->old_addr); if (ret) return ret; ret = kallsyms_lookup_size_offset(func->old_addr, &func->old_size, NULL); if (!ret) { pr_err("kallsyms size lookup failed for '%s'\n", func->old_name); return -ENOENT; } ret = kallsyms_lookup_size_offset((unsigned long)func->new_func, &func->new_size, NULL); if (!ret) { pr_err("kallsyms size lookup failed for '%s' replacement\n", func->old_name); return -ENOENT; } } return 0; } static int klp_init_object(struct klp_patch *patch, struct klp_object *obj) { struct klp_func *func; int ret; const char *name; if (!obj->funcs) return -EINVAL; obj->patched = false; obj->mod = NULL; klp_find_object_module(obj); name = klp_is_module(obj) ? obj->name : "vmlinux"; ret = kobject_init_and_add(&obj->kobj, &klp_ktype_object, &patch->kobj, "%s", name); if (ret) return ret; klp_for_each_func(obj, func) { ret = klp_init_func(obj, func); if (ret) goto free; } if (klp_is_object_loaded(obj)) { ret = klp_init_object_loaded(patch, obj); if (ret) goto free; } return 0; free: klp_free_funcs_limited(obj, func); kobject_put(&obj->kobj); return ret; } static int klp_init_patch(struct klp_patch *patch) { struct klp_object *obj; int ret; if (!patch->objs) return -EINVAL; mutex_lock(&klp_mutex); patch->enabled = false; init_completion(&patch->finish); ret = kobject_init_and_add(&patch->kobj, &klp_ktype_patch, klp_root_kobj, "%s", patch->mod->name); if (ret) { mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); return ret; } klp_for_each_object(patch, obj) { ret = klp_init_object(patch, obj); if (ret) goto free; } list_add_tail(&patch->list, &klp_patches); mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); return 0; free: klp_free_objects_limited(patch, obj); mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); kobject_put(&patch->kobj); wait_for_completion(&patch->finish); return ret; } /** * klp_unregister_patch() - unregisters a patch * @patch: Disabled patch to be unregistered * * Frees the data structures and removes the sysfs interface. * * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error */ int klp_unregister_patch(struct klp_patch *patch) { int ret; mutex_lock(&klp_mutex); if (!klp_is_patch_registered(patch)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto err; } if (patch->enabled) { ret = -EBUSY; goto err; } klp_free_patch(patch); mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); kobject_put(&patch->kobj); wait_for_completion(&patch->finish); return 0; err: mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_unregister_patch); /** * klp_register_patch() - registers a patch * @patch: Patch to be registered * * Initializes the data structure associated with the patch and * creates the sysfs interface. * * There is no need to take the reference on the patch module here. It is done * later when the patch is enabled. * * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error */ int klp_register_patch(struct klp_patch *patch) { if (!patch || !patch->mod) return -EINVAL; if (!is_livepatch_module(patch->mod)) { pr_err("module %s is not marked as a livepatch module", patch->mod->name); return -EINVAL; } if (!klp_initialized()) return -ENODEV; /* * Architectures without reliable stack traces have to set * patch->immediate because there's currently no way to patch kthreads * with the consistency model. */ if (!klp_have_reliable_stack() && !patch->immediate) { pr_err("This architecture doesn't have support for the livepatch consistency model.\n"); return -ENOSYS; } return klp_init_patch(patch); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_register_patch); int klp_module_coming(struct module *mod) { int ret; struct klp_patch *patch; struct klp_object *obj; if (WARN_ON(mod->state != MODULE_STATE_COMING)) return -EINVAL; mutex_lock(&klp_mutex); /* * Each module has to know that klp_module_coming() * has been called. We never know what module will * get patched by a new patch. */ mod->klp_alive = true; list_for_each_entry(patch, &klp_patches, list) { klp_for_each_object(patch, obj) { if (!klp_is_module(obj) || strcmp(obj->name, mod->name)) continue; obj->mod = mod; ret = klp_init_object_loaded(patch, obj); if (ret) { pr_warn("failed to initialize patch '%s' for module '%s' (%d)\n", patch->mod->name, obj->mod->name, ret); goto err; } /* * Only patch the module if the patch is enabled or is * in transition. */ if (!patch->enabled && patch != klp_transition_patch) break; pr_notice("applying patch '%s' to loading module '%s'\n", patch->mod->name, obj->mod->name); ret = klp_patch_object(obj); if (ret) { pr_warn("failed to apply patch '%s' to module '%s' (%d)\n", patch->mod->name, obj->mod->name, ret); goto err; } break; } } mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); return 0; err: /* * If a patch is unsuccessfully applied, return * error to the module loader. */ pr_warn("patch '%s' failed for module '%s', refusing to load module '%s'\n", patch->mod->name, obj->mod->name, obj->mod->name); mod->klp_alive = false; klp_free_object_loaded(obj); mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); return ret; } void klp_module_going(struct module *mod) { struct klp_patch *patch; struct klp_object *obj; if (WARN_ON(mod->state != MODULE_STATE_GOING && mod->state != MODULE_STATE_COMING)) return; mutex_lock(&klp_mutex); /* * Each module has to know that klp_module_going() * has been called. We never know what module will * get patched by a new patch. */ mod->klp_alive = false; list_for_each_entry(patch, &klp_patches, list) { klp_for_each_object(patch, obj) { if (!klp_is_module(obj) || strcmp(obj->name, mod->name)) continue; /* * Only unpatch the module if the patch is enabled or * is in transition. */ if (patch->enabled || patch == klp_transition_patch) { pr_notice("reverting patch '%s' on unloading module '%s'\n", patch->mod->name, obj->mod->name); klp_unpatch_object(obj); } klp_free_object_loaded(obj); break; } } mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex); } static int __init klp_init(void) { int ret; ret = klp_check_compiler_support(); if (ret) { pr_info("Your compiler is too old; turning off.\n"); return -EINVAL; } klp_root_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("livepatch", kernel_kobj); if (!klp_root_kobj) return -ENOMEM; return 0; } module_init(klp_init);