A lot of the initialization we do in mem_cgroup_create() is done with
softirqs enabled. This include grabbing a css id, which holds
&ss->id_lock->rlock, and the per-zone trees, which holds
rtpz->lock->rlock. All of those signal to the lockdep mechanism that
those locks can be used in SOFTIRQ-ON-W context.
This means that the freeing of memcg structure must happen in a
compatible context, otherwise we'll get a deadlock, like the one below,
caught by lockdep:
free_accounted_pages+0x47/0x4c
free_task+0x31/0x5c
__put_task_struct+0xc2/0xdb
put_task_struct+0x1e/0x22
delayed_put_task_struct+0x7a/0x98
__rcu_process_callbacks+0x269/0x3df
rcu_process_callbacks+0x31/0x5b
__do_softirq+0x122/0x277
This usage pattern could not be triggered before kmem came into play.
With the introduction of kmem stack handling, it is possible that we call
the last mem_cgroup_put() from the task destructor, which is run in an rcu
callback. Such callbacks are run with softirqs disabled, leading to the
offensive usage pattern.
In general, we have little, if any, means to guarantee in which context
the last memcg_put will happen. The best we can do is test it and try to
make sure no invalid context releases are happening. But as we add more
code to memcg, the possible interactions grow in number and expose more
ways to get context conflicts. One thing to keep in mind, is that part of
the freeing process is already deferred to a worker, such as vfree(), that
can only be called from process context.
For the moment, the only two functions we really need moved away are:
* free_css_id(), and
* mem_cgroup_remove_from_trees().
But because the later accesses per-zone info,
free_mem_cgroup_per_zone_info() needs to be moved as well. With that, we
are left with the per_cpu stats only. Better move it all.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Tested-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Because the ultimate goal of the kmem tracking in memcg is to track slab
pages as well, we can't guarantee that we'll always be able to point a
page to a particular process, and migrate the charges along with it -
since in the common case, a page will contain data belonging to multiple
processes.
Because of that, when we destroy a memcg, we only make sure the
destruction will succeed by discounting the kmem charges from the user
charges when we try to empty the cgroup.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can use static branches to patch the code in or out when not used.
Because the _ACTIVE bit on kmem_accounted is only set after the increment
is done, we guarantee that the root memcg will always be selected for kmem
charges until all call sites are patched (see memcg_kmem_enabled). This
guarantees that no mischarges are applied.
Static branch decrement happens when the last reference count from the
kmem accounting in memcg dies. This will only happen when the charges
drop down to 0.
When that happens, we need to disable the static branch only on those
memcgs that enabled it. To achieve this, we would be forced to complicate
the code by keeping track of which memcgs were the ones that actually
enabled limits, and which ones got it from its parents.
It is a lot simpler just to do static_key_slow_inc() on every child
that is accounted.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Because kmem charges can outlive the cgroup, we need to make sure that we
won't free the memcg structure while charges are still in flight. For
reviewing simplicity, the charge functions will issue mem_cgroup_get() at
every charge, and mem_cgroup_put() at every uncharge.
This can get expensive, however, and we can do better. mem_cgroup_get()
only really needs to be issued once: when the first limit is set. In the
same spirit, we only need to issue mem_cgroup_put() when the last charge
is gone.
We'll need an extra bit in kmem_account_flags for that:
KMEM_ACCOUNTED_DEAD. it will be set when the cgroup dies, if there are
charges in the group. If there aren't, we can proceed right away.
Our uncharge function will have to test that bit every time the charges
drop to 0. Because that is not the likely output of res_counter_uncharge,
this should not impose a big hit on us: it is certainly much better than a
reference count decrease at every operation.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a process tries to allocate a page with the __GFP_KMEMCG flag, the
page allocator will call the corresponding memcg functions to validate
the allocation. Tasks in the root memcg can always proceed.
To avoid adding markers to the page - and a kmem flag that would
necessarily follow, as much as doing page_cgroup lookups for no reason,
whoever is marking its allocations with __GFP_KMEMCG flag is responsible
for telling the page allocator that this is such an allocation at
free_pages() time. This is done by the invocation of
__free_accounted_pages() and free_accounted_pages().
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce infrastructure for tracking kernel memory pages to a given
memcg. This will happen whenever the caller includes the flag
__GFP_KMEMCG flag, and the task belong to a memcg other than the root.
In memcontrol.h those functions are wrapped in inline acessors. The idea
is to later on, patch those with static branches, so we don't incur any
overhead when no mem cgroups with limited kmem are being used.
Users of this functionality shall interact with the memcg core code
through the following functions:
memcg_kmem_newpage_charge: will return true if the group can handle the
allocation. At this point, struct page is not
yet allocated.
memcg_kmem_commit_charge: will either revert the charge, if struct page
allocation failed, or embed memcg information
into page_cgroup.
memcg_kmem_uncharge_page: called at free time, will revert the charge.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add the basic infrastructure for the accounting of kernel memory. To
control that, the following files are created:
* memory.kmem.usage_in_bytes
* memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes
* memory.kmem.failcnt
* memory.kmem.max_usage_in_bytes
They have the same meaning of their user memory counterparts. They
reflect the state of the "kmem" res_counter.
Per cgroup kmem memory accounting is not enabled until a limit is set for
the group. Once the limit is set the accounting cannot be disabled for
that group. This means that after the patch is applied, no behavioral
changes exists for whoever is still using memcg to control their memory
usage, until memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes is set for the first time.
We always account to both user and kernel resource_counters. This
effectively means that an independent kernel limit is in place when the
limit is set to a lower value than the user memory. A equal or higher
value means that the user limit will always hit first, meaning that kmem
is effectively unlimited.
People who want to track kernel memory but not limit it, can set this
limit to a very high number (like RESOURCE_MAX - 1page - that no one will
ever hit, or equal to the user memory)
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: MEMCG_MMEM only works with slab and slub]
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is just a cleanup patch for clarity of expression. In earlier
submissions, people asked it to be in a separate patch, so here it is.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mem_cgroup_do_charge() was written before kmem accounting, and expects
three cases: being called for 1 page, being called for a stock of 32
pages, or being called for a hugepage. If we call for 2 or 3 pages (and
both the stack and several slabs used in process creation are such, at
least with the debug options I had), it assumed it's being called for
stock and just retried without reclaiming.
Fix that by passing down a minsize argument in addition to the csize.
And what to do about that (csize == PAGE_SIZE && ret) retry? If it's
needed at all (and presumably is since it's there, perhaps to handle
races), then it should be extended to more than PAGE_SIZE, yet how far?
And should there be a retry count limit, of what? For now retry up to
COSTLY_ORDER (as page_alloc.c does) and make sure not to do it if
__GFP_NORETRY.
v4: fixed nr pages calculation pointed out by Christoph Lameter.
Signed-off-by: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We currently have a percpu stock cache scheme that charges one page at a
time from memcg->res, the user counter. When the kernel memory controller
comes into play, we'll need to charge more than that.
This is because kernel memory allocations will also draw from the user
counter, and can be bigger than a single page, as it is the case with the
stack (usually 2 pages) or some higher order slabs.
[glommer@parallels.com: added a changelog ]
Signed-off-by: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add help info for CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE and permit its selection.
This option allows the user to online all memory of a node as movable
memory. So that the whole node can be hotplugged. Users who don't use
the hotplug feature are also fine with this option on since they won't
online memory as movable.
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak help text]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While allocating pages using buddy allocator, the compound page is
probably split up to free pages. Under these circumstances, the compound
page should be destroyed by destroy_compound_page(). However, there is a
duplicate check to judge if the page is compound.
Remove the duplicate check since the compound_order() returns 0 when the
page doesn't have PG_head set in destroy_compound_page(). That is to say,
destroy_compound_page() needn't check PageHead().
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull SLAB changes from Pekka Enberg:
"This contains preparational work from Christoph Lameter and Glauber
Costa for SLAB memcg and cleanups and improvements from Ezequiel
Garcia and Joonsoo Kim.
Please note that the SLOB cleanup commit from Arnd Bergmann already
appears in your tree but I had also merged it myself which is why it
shows up in the shortlog."
* 'slab/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux:
mm/sl[aou]b: Common alignment code
slab: Use the new create_boot_cache function to simplify bootstrap
slub: Use statically allocated kmem_cache boot structure for bootstrap
mm, sl[au]b: create common functions for boot slab creation
slab: Simplify bootstrap
slub: Use correct cpu_slab on dead cpu
mm: fix slab.c kernel-doc warnings
mm/slob: use min_t() to compare ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN
slab: Ignore internal flags in cache creation
mm/slob: Use free_page instead of put_page for page-size kmalloc allocations
mm/sl[aou]b: Move common kmem_cache_size() to slab.h
mm/slob: Use object_size field in kmem_cache_size()
mm/slob: Drop usage of page->private for storing page-sized allocations
slub: Commonize slab_cache field in struct page
sl[au]b: Process slabinfo_show in common code
mm/sl[au]b: Move print_slabinfo_header to slab_common.c
mm/sl[au]b: Move slabinfo processing to slab_common.c
slub: remove one code path and reduce lock contention in __slab_free()
Fix up a trivial merge conflict with commit baaf1dd ("mm/slob: use
min_t() to compare ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN") that did not go through the slab
tree.
Conflicts:
mm/slob.c
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Merge misc patches from Andrew Morton:
"Incoming:
- lots of misc stuff
- backlight tree updates
- lib/ updates
- Oleg's percpu-rwsem changes
- checkpatch
- rtc
- aoe
- more checkpoint/restart support
I still have a pile of MM stuff pending - Pekka should be merging
later today after which that is good to go. A number of other things
are twiddling thumbs awaiting maintainer merges."
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (180 commits)
scatterlist: don't BUG when we can trivially return a proper error.
docs: update documentation about /proc/<pid>/fdinfo/<fd> fanotify output
fs, fanotify: add @mflags field to fanotify output
docs: add documentation about /proc/<pid>/fdinfo/<fd> output
fs, notify: add procfs fdinfo helper
fs, exportfs: add exportfs_encode_inode_fh() helper
fs, exportfs: escape nil dereference if no s_export_op present
fs, epoll: add procfs fdinfo helper
fs, eventfd: add procfs fdinfo helper
procfs: add ability to plug in auxiliary fdinfo providers
tools/testing/selftests/kcmp/kcmp_test.c: print reason for failure in kcmp_test
breakpoint selftests: print failure status instead of cause make error
kcmp selftests: print fail status instead of cause make error
kcmp selftests: make run_tests fix
mem-hotplug selftests: print failure status instead of cause make error
cpu-hotplug selftests: print failure status instead of cause make error
mqueue selftests: print failure status instead of cause make error
vm selftests: print failure status instead of cause make error
ubifs: use prandom_bytes
mtd: nandsim: use prandom_bytes
...
This build error is currently hidden by the fact that the x86
implementation of 'update_mmu_cache_pmd()' is a macro that doesn't use
its last argument, but commit b32967ff10 ("mm: numa: Add THP migration
for the NUMA working set scanning fault case") introduced a call with
the wrong third argument.
In the akpm tree, it causes this build error:
mm/migrate.c: In function 'migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page_put':
mm/migrate.c:1666:2: error: incompatible type for argument 3 of 'update_mmu_cache_pmd'
arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h:792:20: note: expected 'struct pmd_t *' but argument is of type 'pmd_t'
Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
But the kernel decided to call it "origin" instead. Fix most of the
sites.
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
gcc-4.4.4 screws this up.
mm/memory.c: In function 'do_pmd_numa_page':
mm/memory.c:3594: warning: no return statement in function returning non-void
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit 8fa72d234d.
People disagree about how this should be done, so let's revert this for
now so that nobody starts using the new tuning interface. Tejun is
thinking about a more generic interface for thread pool affinity.
Requested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull block layer core updates from Jens Axboe:
"Here are the core block IO bits for 3.8. The branch contains:
- The final version of the surprise device removal fixups from Bart.
- Don't hide EFI partitions under advanced partition types. It's
fairly wide spread these days. This is especially dangerous for
systems that have both msdos and efi partition tables, where you
want to keep them in sync.
- Cleanup of using -1 instead of the proper NUMA_NO_NODE
- Export control of bdi flusher thread CPU mask and default to using
the home node (if known) from Jeff.
- Export unplug tracepoint for MD.
- Core improvements from Shaohua. Reinstate the recursive merge, as
the original bug has been fixed. Add plugging for discard and also
fix a problem handling non pow-of-2 discard limits.
There's a trivial merge in block/blk-exec.c due to a fix that went
into 3.7-rc at a later point than -rc4 where this is based."
* 'for-3.8/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
block: export block_unplug tracepoint
block: add plug for blkdev_issue_discard
block: discard granularity might not be power of 2
deadline: Allow 0ms deadline latency, increase the read speed
partitions: enable EFI/GPT support by default
bsg: Remove unused function bsg_goose_queue()
block: Make blk_cleanup_queue() wait until request_fn finished
block: Avoid scheduling delayed work on a dead queue
block: Avoid that request_fn is invoked on a dead queue
block: Let blk_drain_queue() caller obtain the queue lock
block: Rename queue dead flag
bdi: add a user-tunable cpu_list for the bdi flusher threads
block: use NUMA_NO_NODE instead of -1
block: recursive merge requests
block CFQ: avoid moving request to different queue
Andrea's autonuma-benchmark numa01 hits kernel BUG at huge_memory.c:1474!
in change_huge_pmd called from change_protection from change_prot_numa
from task_numa_work.
That BUG, introduced in the huge zero page commit cad7f613c4 ("thp:
change_huge_pmd(): make sure we don't try to make a page writable")
was trying to verify that newprot never adds write permission to an
anonymous huge page; but Automatic NUMA Balancing's 4b10e7d562 ("mm:
mempolicy: Implement change_prot_numa() in terms of change_protection()")
adds a new prot_numa path into change_huge_pmd(), which makes no use of
the newprot provided, and may retain the write bit in the pmd.
Just move the BUG_ON(pmd_write(entry)) up into the !prot_numa block.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma
Pull Automatic NUMA Balancing bare-bones from Mel Gorman:
"There are three implementations for NUMA balancing, this tree
(balancenuma), numacore which has been developed in tip/master and
autonuma which is in aa.git.
In almost all respects balancenuma is the dumbest of the three because
its main impact is on the VM side with no attempt to be smart about
scheduling. In the interest of getting the ball rolling, it would be
desirable to see this much merged for 3.8 with the view to building
scheduler smarts on top and adapting the VM where required for 3.9.
The most recent set of comparisons available from different people are
mel: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/9/108
mingo: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/7/331
tglx: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/437
srikar: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/397
The results are a mixed bag. In my own tests, balancenuma does
reasonably well. It's dumb as rocks and does not regress against
mainline. On the other hand, Ingo's tests shows that balancenuma is
incapable of converging for this workloads driven by perf which is bad
but is potentially explained by the lack of scheduler smarts. Thomas'
results show balancenuma improves on mainline but falls far short of
numacore or autonuma. Srikar's results indicate we all suffer on a
large machine with imbalanced node sizes.
My own testing showed that recent numacore results have improved
dramatically, particularly in the last week but not universally.
We've butted heads heavily on system CPU usage and high levels of
migration even when it shows that overall performance is better.
There are also cases where it regresses. Of interest is that for
specjbb in some configurations it will regress for lower numbers of
warehouses and show gains for higher numbers which is not reported by
the tool by default and sometimes missed in treports. Recently I
reported for numacore that the JVM was crashing with
NullPointerExceptions but currently it's unclear what the source of
this problem is. Initially I thought it was in how numacore batch
handles PTEs but I'm no longer think this is the case. It's possible
numacore is just able to trigger it due to higher rates of migration.
These reports were quite late in the cycle so I/we would like to start
with this tree as it contains much of the code we can agree on and has
not changed significantly over the last 2-3 weeks."
* tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma: (50 commits)
mm/rmap, migration: Make rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable
mm/rmap: Convert the struct anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem
mm: migrate: Account a transhuge page properly when rate limiting
mm: numa: Account for failed allocations and isolations as migration failures
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case build fix
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case.
mm: sched: numa: Delay PTE scanning until a task is scheduled on a new node
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing if !SCHED_DEBUG
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing
mm: sched: Adapt the scanning rate if a NUMA hinting fault does not migrate
mm: numa: Use a two-stage filter to restrict pages being migrated for unlikely task<->node relationships
mm: numa: migrate: Set last_nid on newly allocated page
mm: numa: split_huge_page: Transfer last_nid on tail page
mm: numa: Introduce last_nid to the page frame
sched: numa: Slowly increase the scanning period as NUMA faults are handled
mm: numa: Rate limit setting of pte_numa if node is saturated
mm: numa: Rate limit the amount of memory that is migrated between nodes
mm: numa: Structures for Migrate On Fault per NUMA migration rate limiting
mm: numa: Migrate pages handled during a pmd_numa hinting fault
mm: numa: Migrate on reference policy
...
Merge misc VM changes from Andrew Morton:
"The rest of most-of-MM. The other MM bits await a slab merge.
This patch includes the addition of a huge zero_page. Not a
performance boost but it an save large amounts of physical memory in
some situations.
Also a bunch of Fujitsu engineers are working on memory hotplug.
Which, as it turns out, was badly broken. About half of their patches
are included here; the remainder are 3.8 material."
However, this merge disables CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE, which was totally
broken. We don't add new features with "default y", nor do we add
Kconfig questions that are incomprehensible to most people without any
help text. Does the feature even make sense without compaction or
memory hotplug?
* akpm: (54 commits)
mm/bootmem.c: remove unused wrapper function reserve_bootmem_generic()
mm/memory.c: remove unused code from do_wp_page()
asm-generic, mm: pgtable: consolidate zero page helpers
mm/hugetlb.c: fix warning on freeing hwpoisoned hugepage
hwpoison, hugetlbfs: fix RSS-counter warning
hwpoison, hugetlbfs: fix "bad pmd" warning in unmapping hwpoisoned hugepage
mm: protect against concurrent vma expansion
memcg: do not check for mm in __mem_cgroup_count_vm_event
tmpfs: support SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE (reprise)
mm: provide more accurate estimation of pages occupied by memmap
fs/buffer.c: remove redundant initialization in alloc_page_buffers()
fs/buffer.c: do not inline exported function
writeback: fix a typo in comment
mm: introduce new field "managed_pages" to struct zone
mm, oom: remove statically defined arch functions of same name
mm, oom: remove redundant sleep in pagefault oom handler
mm, oom: cleanup pagefault oom handler
memory_hotplug: allow online/offline memory to result movable node
numa: add CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE for movable-dedicated node
mm, memcg: avoid unnecessary function call when memcg is disabled
...
Pull trivial branch from Jiri Kosina:
"Usual stuff -- comment/printk typo fixes, documentation updates, dead
code elimination."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (39 commits)
HOWTO: fix double words typo
x86 mtrr: fix comment typo in mtrr_bp_init
propagate name change to comments in kernel source
doc: Update the name of profiling based on sysfs
treewide: Fix typos in various drivers
treewide: Fix typos in various Kconfig
wireless: mwifiex: Fix typo in wireless/mwifiex driver
messages: i2o: Fix typo in messages/i2o
scripts/kernel-doc: check that non-void fcts describe their return value
Kernel-doc: Convention: Use a "Return" section to describe return values
radeon: Fix typo and copy/paste error in comments
doc: Remove unnecessary declarations from Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c
various: Fix spelling of "asynchronous" in comments.
Fix misspellings of "whether" in comments.
eisa: Fix spelling of "asynchronous".
various: Fix spelling of "registered" in comments.
doc: fix quite a few typos within Documentation
target: iscsi: fix comment typos in target/iscsi drivers
treewide: fix typo of "suport" in various comments and Kconfig
treewide: fix typo of "suppport" in various comments
...
reserve_bootmem_generic() has no caller,
Signed-off-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page_mkwrite is initalized with zero and only set once, from that point
exists no way to get to the oom or oom_free_new labels.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Dominik Dingel <dingel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have two different implementation of is_zero_pfn() and my_zero_pfn()
helpers: for architectures with and without zero page coloring.
Let's consolidate them in <asm-generic/pgtable.h>.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix the warning from __list_del_entry() which is triggered when a process
tries to do free_huge_page() for a hwpoisoned hugepage.
free_huge_page() can be called for hwpoisoned hugepage from
unpoison_memory(). This function gets refcount once and clears
PageHWPoison, and then puts refcount twice to return the hugepage back to
free pool. The second put_page() finally reaches free_huge_page().
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory error handling on hugepages can break a RSS counter, which emits a
message like "Bad rss-counter state mm:ffff88040abecac0 idx:1 val:-1".
This is because PageAnon returns true for hugepage (this behavior is
necessary for reverse mapping to work on hugetlbfs).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clean up code layout]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a process which used a hwpoisoned hugepage tries to exit() or
munmap(), the kernel can print out "bad pmd" message because page table
walker in free_pgtables() encounters 'hwpoisoned entry' on pmd.
This is because currently we fail to clear the hwpoisoned entry in
__unmap_hugepage_range(), so this patch simply does it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
expand_stack() runs with a shared mmap_sem lock. Because of this, there
could be multiple concurrent stack expansions in the same mm, which may
cause problems in the vma gap update code.
I propose to solve this by taking the mm->page_table_lock around such vma
expansions, in order to avoid the concurrency issue. We only have to
worry about concurrent expand_stack() calls here, since we hold a shared
mmap_sem lock and all vma modificaitons other than expand_stack() are done
under an exclusive mmap_sem lock.
I previously tried to achieve the same effect by making sure all growable
vmas in a given mm would share the same anon_vma, which we already lock
here. However this turned out to be difficult - all of the schemes I
tried for refcounting the growable anon_vma and clearing turned out ugly.
So, I'm now proposing only the minimal fix.
The overhead of taking the page table lock during stack expansion is
expected to be small: glibc doesn't use expandable stacks for the threads
it creates, so having multiple growable stacks is actually uncommon and we
don't expect the page table lock to get bounced between threads.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The mm given to __mem_cgroup_count_vm_event() cannot be NULL because the
function is either called from the page fault path or vma->vm_mm is used.
So the check can be dropped.
The check was introduced by commit 456f998ec8 ("memcg: add the
pagefault count into memcg stats") because the originally proposed patch
used current->mm for shmem but this has been changed to vma->vm_mm later
on without the check being removed (thanks to Hugh for this
recollection).
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Revert 3.5's commit f21f806220 ("tmpfs: revert SEEK_DATA and
SEEK_HOLE") to reinstate 4fb5ef089b ("tmpfs: support SEEK_DATA and
SEEK_HOLE"), with the intervening additional arg to
generic_file_llseek_size().
In 3.8, ext4 is expected to join btrfs, ocfs2 and xfs with proper
SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE support; and a good case has now been made for
it on tmpfs, so let's join the party.
It's quite easy for tmpfs to scan the radix_tree to support llseek's new
SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE options: so add them while the minutiae are
still on my mind (in particular, the !PageUptodate-ness of pages
fallocated but still unwritten).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning with CONFIG_TMPFS=n]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jaegeuk Hanse <jaegeuk.hanse@gmail.com>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Cc: Jeff liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: Marco Stornelli <marco.stornelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@fusionio.com>
Cc: Sunil Mushran <sunil.mushran@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If SPARSEMEM is enabled, it won't build page structures for non-existing
pages (holes) within a zone, so provide a more accurate estimation of
pages occupied by memmap if there are bigger holes within the zone.
And pages for highmem zones' memmap will be allocated from lowmem, so
charge nr_kernel_pages for that.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: mark calc_memmap_size __paging_init]
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently a zone's present_pages is calcuated as below, which is
inaccurate and may cause trouble to memory hotplug.
spanned_pages - absent_pages - memmap_pages - dma_reserve.
During fixing bugs caused by inaccurate zone->present_pages, we found
zone->present_pages has been abused. The field zone->present_pages may
have different meanings in different contexts:
1) pages existing in a zone.
2) pages managed by the buddy system.
For more discussions about the issue, please refer to:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2012/11/5/866https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/1346751/
This patchset tries to introduce a new field named "managed_pages" to
struct zone, which counts "pages managed by the buddy system". And revert
zone->present_pages to count "physical pages existing in a zone", which
also keep in consistence with pgdat->node_present_pages.
We will set an initial value for zone->managed_pages in function
free_area_init_core() and will adjust it later if the initial value is
inaccurate.
For DMA/normal zones, the initial value is set to:
(spanned_pages - absent_pages - memmap_pages - dma_reserve)
Later zone->managed_pages will be adjusted to the accurate value when the
bootmem allocator frees all free pages to the buddy system in function
free_all_bootmem_node() and free_all_bootmem().
The bootmem allocator doesn't touch highmem pages, so highmem zones'
managed_pages is set to the accurate value "spanned_pages - absent_pages"
in function free_area_init_core() and won't be updated anymore.
This patch also adds a new field "managed_pages" to /proc/zoneinfo
and sysrq showmem.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: small comment tweaks]
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Chris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
out_of_memory() will already cause current to schedule if it has not been
killed, so doing it again in pagefault_out_of_memory() is redundant.
Remove it.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To lock the entire system from parallel oom killing, it's possible to pass
in a zonelist with all zones rather than using for_each_populated_zone()
for the iteration. This obsoletes try_set_system_oom() and
clear_system_oom() so that they can be removed.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, memory management can handle movable node or nodes which don't have
any normal memory, so we can dynamic configure and add movable node by:
online a ZONE_MOVABLE memory from a previous offline node
offline the last normal memory which result a non-normal-memory-node
movable-node is very important for power-saving, hardware partitioning and
high-available-system(hardware fault management).
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need a node which only contains movable memory. This feature is very
important for node hotplug. If a node has normal/highmem, the memory may
be used by the kernel and can't be offlined. If the node only contains
movable memory, we can offline the memory and the node.
All are prepared, we can actually introduce N_MEMORY.
add CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE make we can use it for movable-dedicated node
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix Kconfig text]
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While profiling numa/core v16 with cgroup_disable=memory on the command
line, I noticed mem_cgroup_count_vm_event() still showed up as high as
0.60% in perftop.
This occurs because the function is called extremely often even when memcg
is disabled.
To fix this, inline the check for mem_cgroup_disabled() so we avoid the
unnecessary function call if memcg is disabled.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
During reviewing the source code, I found a comment which mention that
after f_op->mmap(), vma's start address can be changed. I didn't verify
that it is really possible, because there are so many f_op->mmap()
implementation. But if there are some mmap() which change vma's start
address, it is possible error situation, because we already prepare prev
vma, rb_link and rb_parent and these are related to original address.
So add WARN_ON_ONCE for finding that this situtation really happens.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Since we introduced N_MEMORY, we update the initialization of node_states.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__alloc_contig_migrate_range() should use all possible ways to get all the
pages migrated from the given memory range, so pruning per-cpu lru lists
for all CPUs is required, regadless the cost of such operation. Otherwise
some pages which got stuck at per-cpu lru list might get missed by
migration procedure causing the contiguous allocation to fail.
Reported-by: SeongHwan Yoon <sunghwan.yun@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
compact_capture_page() is only used if compaction is enabled so it should
be moved into the corresponding #ifdef.
Signed-off-by: Thierry Reding <thierry.reding@avionic-design.de>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pmd value is stable only with mm->page_table_lock taken. After taking
the lock we need to check that nobody modified the pmd before changing it.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
By default kernel tries to use huge zero page on read page fault. It's
possible to disable huge zero page by writing 0 or enable it back by
writing 1:
echo 0 >/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/use_zero_page
echo 1 >/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/use_zero_page
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
hzp_alloc is incremented every time a huge zero page is successfully
allocated. It includes allocations which where dropped due
race with other allocation. Note, it doesn't count every map
of the huge zero page, only its allocation.
hzp_alloc_failed is incremented if kernel fails to allocate huge zero
page and falls back to using small pages.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
H. Peter Anvin doesn't like huge zero page which sticks in memory forever
after the first allocation. Here's implementation of lockless refcounting
for huge zero page.
We have two basic primitives: {get,put}_huge_zero_page(). They
manipulate reference counter.
If counter is 0, get_huge_zero_page() allocates a new huge page and takes
two references: one for caller and one for shrinker. We free the page
only in shrinker callback if counter is 1 (only shrinker has the
reference).
put_huge_zero_page() only decrements counter. Counter is never zero in
put_huge_zero_page() since shrinker holds on reference.
Freeing huge zero page in shrinker callback helps to avoid frequent
allocate-free.
Refcounting has cost. On 4 socket machine I observe ~1% slowdown on
parallel (40 processes) read page faulting comparing to lazy huge page
allocation. I think it's pretty reasonable for synthetic benchmark.
[lliubbo@gmail.com: fix mismerge]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Instead of allocating huge zero page on hugepage_init() we can postpone it
until first huge zero page map. It saves memory if THP is not in use.
cmpxchg() is used to avoid race on huge_zero_pfn initialization.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All code paths seems covered. Now we can map huge zero page on read page
fault.
We setup it in do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() if area around fault address
is suitable for THP and we've got read page fault.
If we fail to setup huge zero page (ENOMEM) we fallback to
handle_pte_fault() as we normally do in THP.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can't split huge zero page itself (and it's bug if we try), but we
can split the pmd which points to it.
On splitting the pmd we create a table with all ptes set to normal zero
page.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build error]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pass vma instead of mm and add address parameter.
In most cases we already have vma on the stack. We provides
split_huge_page_pmd_mm() for few cases when we have mm, but not vma.
This change is preparation to huge zero pmd splitting implementation.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mprotect core never tries to make page writable using change_huge_pmd().
Let's add an assert that the assumption is true. It's important to be
sure we will not make huge zero page writable.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On write access to huge zero page we alloc a new huge page and clear it.
If ENOMEM, graceful fallback: we create a new pmd table and set pte around
fault address to newly allocated normal (4k) page. All other ptes in the
pmd set to normal zero page.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's easy to copy huge zero page. Just set destination pmd to huge zero
page.
It's safe to copy huge zero page since we have none yet :-p
[rientjes@google.com: fix comment]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We don't have a mapped page to zap in huge zero page case. Let's just clear
pmd and remove it from tlb.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
During testing I noticed big (up to 2.5 times) memory consumption overhead
on some workloads (e.g. ft.A from NPB) if THP is enabled.
The main reason for that big difference is lacking zero page in THP case.
We have to allocate a real page on read page fault.
A program to demonstrate the issue:
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MB 1024*1024
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *p;
int i;
posix_memalign((void **)&p, 2 * MB, 200 * MB);
for (i = 0; i < 200 * MB; i+= 4096)
assert(p[i] == 0);
pause();
return 0;
}
With thp-never RSS is about 400k, but with thp-always it's 200M. After
the patcheset thp-always RSS is 400k too.
Design overview.
Huge zero page (hzp) is a non-movable huge page (2M on x86-64) filled with
zeros. The way how we allocate it changes in the patchset:
- [01/10] simplest way: hzp allocated on boot time in hugepage_init();
- [09/10] lazy allocation on first use;
- [10/10] lockless refcounting + shrinker-reclaimable hzp;
We setup it in do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() if area around fault address
is suitable for THP and we've got read page fault. If we fail to setup
hzp (ENOMEM) we fallback to handle_pte_fault() as we normally do in THP.
On wp fault to hzp we allocate real memory for the huge page and clear it.
If ENOMEM, graceful fallback: we create a new pmd table and set pte
around fault address to newly allocated normal (4k) page. All other ptes
in the pmd set to normal zero page.
We cannot split hzp (and it's bug if we try), but we can split the pmd
which points to it. On splitting the pmd we create a table with all ptes
set to normal zero page.
===
By hpa's request I've tried alternative approach for hzp implementation
(see Virtual huge zero page patchset): pmd table with all entries set to
zero page. This way should be more cache friendly, but it increases TLB
pressure.
The problem with virtual huge zero page: it requires per-arch enabling.
We need a way to mark that pmd table has all ptes set to zero page.
Some numbers to compare two implementations (on 4s Westmere-EX):
Mirobenchmark1
==============
test:
posix_memalign((void **)&p, 2 * MB, 8 * GB);
for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
assert(memcmp(p, p + 4*GB, 4*GB) == 0);
asm volatile ("": : :"memory");
}
hzp:
Performance counter stats for './test_memcmp' (5 runs):
32356.272845 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.13% )
40 context-switches # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 0.94% )
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 K/sec
4,218 page-faults # 0.130 K/sec ( +- 0.00% )
76,712,481,765 cycles # 2.371 GHz ( +- 0.13% ) [83.31%]
36,279,577,636 stalled-cycles-frontend # 47.29% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.28% ) [83.35%]
1,684,049,110 stalled-cycles-backend # 2.20% backend cycles idle ( +- 2.96% ) [66.67%]
134,355,715,816 instructions # 1.75 insns per cycle
# 0.27 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.10% ) [83.35%]
13,526,169,702 branches # 418.039 M/sec ( +- 0.10% ) [83.31%]
1,058,230 branch-misses # 0.01% of all branches ( +- 0.91% ) [83.36%]
32.413866442 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.13% )
vhzp:
Performance counter stats for './test_memcmp' (5 runs):
30327.183829 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.13% )
38 context-switches # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 1.53% )
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 K/sec
4,218 page-faults # 0.139 K/sec ( +- 0.01% )
71,964,773,660 cycles # 2.373 GHz ( +- 0.13% ) [83.35%]
31,191,284,231 stalled-cycles-frontend # 43.34% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.40% ) [83.32%]
773,484,474 stalled-cycles-backend # 1.07% backend cycles idle ( +- 6.61% ) [66.67%]
134,982,215,437 instructions # 1.88 insns per cycle
# 0.23 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.11% ) [83.32%]
13,509,150,683 branches # 445.447 M/sec ( +- 0.11% ) [83.34%]
1,017,667 branch-misses # 0.01% of all branches ( +- 1.07% ) [83.32%]
30.381324695 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.13% )
Mirobenchmark2
==============
test:
posix_memalign((void **)&p, 2 * MB, 8 * GB);
for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
char *_p = p;
while (_p < p+4*GB) {
assert(*_p == *(_p+4*GB));
_p += 4096;
asm volatile ("": : :"memory");
}
}
hzp:
Performance counter stats for 'taskset -c 0 ./test_memcmp2' (5 runs):
3505.727639 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.26% )
9 context-switches # 0.003 K/sec ( +- 4.97% )
4,384 page-faults # 0.001 M/sec ( +- 0.00% )
8,318,482,466 cycles # 2.373 GHz ( +- 0.26% ) [33.31%]
5,134,318,786 stalled-cycles-frontend # 61.72% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.42% ) [33.32%]
2,193,266,208 stalled-cycles-backend # 26.37% backend cycles idle ( +- 5.51% ) [33.33%]
9,494,670,537 instructions # 1.14 insns per cycle
# 0.54 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.13% ) [41.68%]
2,108,522,738 branches # 601.451 M/sec ( +- 0.09% ) [41.68%]
158,746 branch-misses # 0.01% of all branches ( +- 1.60% ) [41.71%]
3,168,102,115 L1-dcache-loads
# 903.693 M/sec ( +- 0.11% ) [41.70%]
1,048,710,998 L1-dcache-misses
# 33.10% of all L1-dcache hits ( +- 0.11% ) [41.72%]
1,047,699,685 LLC-load
# 298.854 M/sec ( +- 0.03% ) [33.38%]
2,287 LLC-misses
# 0.00% of all LL-cache hits ( +- 8.27% ) [33.37%]
3,166,187,367 dTLB-loads
# 903.147 M/sec ( +- 0.02% ) [33.35%]
4,266,538 dTLB-misses
# 0.13% of all dTLB cache hits ( +- 0.03% ) [33.33%]
3.513339813 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.26% )
vhzp:
Performance counter stats for 'taskset -c 0 ./test_memcmp2' (5 runs):
27313.891128 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.24% )
62 context-switches # 0.002 K/sec ( +- 0.61% )
4,384 page-faults # 0.160 K/sec ( +- 0.01% )
64,747,374,606 cycles # 2.370 GHz ( +- 0.24% ) [33.33%]
61,341,580,278 stalled-cycles-frontend # 94.74% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.26% ) [33.33%]
56,702,237,511 stalled-cycles-backend # 87.57% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.07% ) [33.33%]
10,033,724,846 instructions # 0.15 insns per cycle
# 6.11 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.09% ) [41.65%]
2,190,424,932 branches # 80.195 M/sec ( +- 0.12% ) [41.66%]
1,028,630 branch-misses # 0.05% of all branches ( +- 1.50% ) [41.66%]
3,302,006,540 L1-dcache-loads
# 120.891 M/sec ( +- 0.11% ) [41.68%]
271,374,358 L1-dcache-misses
# 8.22% of all L1-dcache hits ( +- 0.04% ) [41.66%]
20,385,476 LLC-load
# 0.746 M/sec ( +- 1.64% ) [33.34%]
76,754 LLC-misses
# 0.38% of all LL-cache hits ( +- 2.35% ) [33.34%]
3,309,927,290 dTLB-loads
# 121.181 M/sec ( +- 0.03% ) [33.34%]
2,098,967,427 dTLB-misses
# 63.41% of all dTLB cache hits ( +- 0.03% ) [33.34%]
27.364448741 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.24% )
===
I personally prefer implementation present in this patchset. It doesn't
touch arch-specific code.
This patch:
Huge zero page (hzp) is a non-movable huge page (2M on x86-64) filled with
zeros.
For now let's allocate the page on hugepage_init(). We'll switch to lazy
allocation later.
We are not going to map the huge zero page until we can handle it properly
on all code paths.
is_huge_zero_{pfn,pmd}() functions will be used by following patches to
check whether the pfn/pmd is huge zero page.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The name of this function is not suitable, and removing the function and
open-coding it into each call sites makes the code more understandable.
Additionally, we shouldn't do an allocation from bootmem when
slab_is_available(), so directly return kmalloc()'s return value.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is no implementation of bootmem_arch_preferred_node() and a call to
this function will cause a compilation error. So remove it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull cgroup changes from Tejun Heo:
"A lot of activities on cgroup side. The big changes are focused on
making cgroup hierarchy handling saner.
- cgroup_rmdir() had peculiar semantics - it allowed cgroup
destruction to be vetoed by individual controllers and tried to
drain refcnt synchronously. The vetoing never worked properly and
caused good deal of contortions in cgroup. memcg was the last
reamining user. Michal Hocko removed the usage and cgroup_rmdir()
path has been simplified significantly. This was done in a
separate branch so that the memcg people can base further memcg
changes on top.
- The above allowed cleaning up cgroup lifecycle management and
implementation of generic cgroup iterators which are used to
improve hierarchy support.
- cgroup_freezer updated to allow migration in and out of a frozen
cgroup and handle hierarchy. If a cgroup is frozen, all descendant
cgroups are frozen.
- netcls_cgroup and netprio_cgroup updated to handle hierarchy
properly.
- Various fixes and cleanups.
- Two merge commits. One to pull in memcg and rmdir cleanups (needed
to build iterators). The other pulled in cgroup/for-3.7-fixes for
device_cgroup fixes so that further device_cgroup patches can be
stacked on top."
Fixed up a trivial conflict in mm/memcontrol.c as per Tejun (due to
commit bea8c150a7 ("memcg: fix hotplugged memory zone oops") in master
touching code close to commit 2ef37d3fe4 ("memcg: Simplify
mem_cgroup_force_empty_list error handling") in for-3.8)
* 'for-3.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: (65 commits)
cgroup: update Documentation/cgroups/00-INDEX
cgroup_rm_file: don't delete the uncreated files
cgroup: remove subsystem files when remounting cgroup
cgroup: use cgroup_addrm_files() in cgroup_clear_directory()
cgroup: warn about broken hierarchies only after css_online
cgroup: list_del_init() on removed events
cgroup: fix lockdep warning for event_control
cgroup: move list add after list head initilization
netprio_cgroup: allow nesting and inherit config on cgroup creation
netprio_cgroup: implement netprio[_set]_prio() helpers
netprio_cgroup: use cgroup->id instead of cgroup_netprio_state->prioidx
netprio_cgroup: reimplement priomap expansion
netprio_cgroup: shorten variable names in extend_netdev_table()
netprio_cgroup: simplify write_priomap()
netcls_cgroup: move config inheritance to ->css_online() and remove .broken_hierarchy marking
cgroup: remove obsolete guarantee from cgroup_task_migrate.
cgroup: add cgroup->id
cgroup, cpuset: remove cgroup_subsys->post_clone()
cgroup: s/CGRP_CLONE_CHILDREN/CGRP_CPUSET_CLONE_CHILDREN/
cgroup: rename ->create/post_create/pre_destroy/destroy() to ->css_alloc/online/offline/free()
...
Pull percpu changes from Tejun Heo:
"Nothing exciting here either. Joonsoo's is almost cosmetic. Cyrill's
patch fixes "percpu_alloc" early kernel param handling so that the
kernel doesn't crash when the parameter is specified w/o any argument."
* 'for-3.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu:
mm, percpu: Make sure percpu_alloc early parameter has an argument
percpu: make pcpu_free_chunk() use pcpu_mem_free() instead of kfree()
Merge misc updates from Andrew Morton:
"About half of most of MM. Going very early this time due to
uncertainty over the coreautounifiednumasched things. I'll send the
other half of most of MM tomorrow. The rest of MM awaits a slab merge
from Pekka."
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton: (71 commits)
memory_hotplug: ensure every online node has NORMAL memory
memory_hotplug: handle empty zone when online_movable/online_kernel
mm, memory-hotplug: dynamic configure movable memory and portion memory
drivers/base/node.c: cleanup node_state_attr[]
bootmem: fix wrong call parameter for free_bootmem()
avr32, kconfig: remove HAVE_ARCH_BOOTMEM
mm: cma: remove watermark hacks
mm: cma: skip watermarks check for already isolated blocks in split_free_page()
mm, oom: fix race when specifying a thread as the oom origin
mm, oom: change type of oom_score_adj to short
mm: cleanup register_node()
mm, mempolicy: remove duplicate code
mm/vmscan.c: try_to_freeze() returns boolean
mm: introduce putback_movable_pages()
virtio_balloon: introduce migration primitives to balloon pages
mm: introduce compaction and migration for ballooned pages
mm: introduce a common interface for balloon pages mobility
mm: redefine address_space.assoc_mapping
mm: adjust address_space_operations.migratepage() return code
arch/sparc/kernel/sys_sparc_64.c: s/COLOUR/COLOR/
...
Old memory hotplug code and new online/movable may cause a online node
don't have any normal memory, but memory-management acts bad when we have
nodes which is online but don't have any normal memory. Example: it may
cause a bound task fail on all kernel allocation and cause the task can't
create task or create other kernel object.
So we disable non-normal-memory-node here, we will enable it when we
prepared.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make online_movable/online_kernel can empty a zone or can move memory to a
empty zone.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add online_movable and online_kernel for logic memory hotplug. This is
the dynamic version of "movablecore" & "kernelcore".
We have the same reason to introduce it as to introduce "movablecore" &
"kernelcore". It has the same motive as "movablecore" & "kernelcore", but
it is dynamic/running-time:
o We can configure memory as kernelcore or movablecore after boot.
Userspace workload is increased, we need more hugepage, we can't use
"online_movable" to add memory and allow the system use more
THP(transparent-huge-page), vice-verse when kernel workload is increase.
Also help for virtualization to dynamic configure host/guest's memory,
to save/(reduce waste) memory.
Memory capacity on Demand
o When a new node is physically online after boot, we need to use
"online_movable" or "online_kernel" to configure/portion it as we
expected when we logic-online it.
This configuration also helps for physically-memory-migrate.
o all benefit as the same as existed "movablecore" & "kernelcore".
o Preparing for movable-node, which is very important for power-saving,
hardware partitioning and high-available-system(hardware fault
management).
(Note, we don't introduce movable-node here.)
Action behavior:
When a memoryblock/memorysection is onlined by "online_movable", the kernel
will not have directly reference to the page of the memoryblock,
thus we can remove that memory any time when needed.
When it is online by "online_kernel", the kernel can use it.
When it is online by "online", the zone type doesn't changed.
Current constraints:
Only the memoryblock which is adjacent to the ZONE_MOVABLE
can be online from ZONE_NORMAL to ZONE_MOVABLE.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use min_t, cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is strange that alloc_bootmem() returns a virtual address and
free_bootmem() requires a physical address. Anyway, free_bootmem()'s
first parameter should be physical address.
There are some call sites for free_bootmem() with virtual address. So fix
them.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: improve free_bootmem() and free_bootmem_pate() documentation]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commits 2139cbe627 ("cma: fix counting of isolated pages") and
d95ea5d18e ("cma: fix watermark checking") introduced a reliable
method of free page accounting when memory is being allocated from CMA
regions, so the workaround introduced earlier by commit 49f223a9cd
("mm: trigger page reclaim in alloc_contig_range() to stabilise
watermarks") can be finally removed.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit 2139cbe627 ("cma: fix counting of isolated pages") free
pages in isolated pageblocks are not accounted to NR_FREE_PAGES counters,
so watermarks check is not required if one operates on a free page in
isolated pageblock.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
test_set_oom_score_adj() and compare_swap_oom_score_adj() are used to
specify that current should be killed first if an oom condition occurs in
between the two calls.
The usage is
short oom_score_adj = test_set_oom_score_adj(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX);
...
compare_swap_oom_score_adj(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX, oom_score_adj);
to store the thread's oom_score_adj, temporarily change it to the maximum
score possible, and then restore the old value if it is still the same.
This happens to still be racy, however, if the user writes
OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX to /proc/pid/oom_score_adj in between the two calls.
The compare_swap_oom_score_adj() will then incorrectly reset the old value
prior to the write of OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX.
To fix this, introduce a new oom_flags_t member in struct signal_struct
that will be used for per-thread oom killer flags. KSM and swapoff can
now use a bit in this member to specify that threads should be killed
first in oom conditions without playing around with oom_score_adj.
This also allows the correct oom_score_adj to always be shown when reading
/proc/pid/oom_score.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Anton Vorontsov <anton.vorontsov@linaro.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The maximum oom_score_adj is 1000 and the minimum oom_score_adj is -1000,
so this range can be represented by the signed short type with no
functional change. The extra space this frees up in struct signal_struct
will be used for per-thread oom kill flags in the next patch.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Anton Vorontsov <anton.vorontsov@linaro.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kswapd()->try_to_freeze() is defined to return a boolean, so it's better
to use a bool to hold its return value.
Signed-off-by: Jie Liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The PATCH "mm: introduce compaction and migration for virtio ballooned pages"
hacks around putback_lru_pages() in order to allow ballooned pages to be
re-inserted on balloon page list as if a ballooned page was like a LRU page.
As ballooned pages are not legitimate LRU pages, this patch introduces
putback_movable_pages() to properly cope with cases where the isolated
pageset contains ballooned pages and LRU pages, thus fixing the mentioned
inelegant hack around putback_lru_pages().
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly
the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a guest,
thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced number of
transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload.
This patch introduces the helper functions as well as the necessary changes
to teach compaction and migration bits how to cope with pages which are
part of a guest memory balloon, in order to make them movable by memory
compaction procedures.
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly
the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a guest,
thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced number of
transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload.
This patch introduces a common interface to help a balloon driver on
making its page set movable to compaction, and thus allowing the system
to better leverage the compation efforts on memory defragmentation.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP, s/__balloon_page_flags/page_flags_cleared/, small cleanups]
[rientjes@google.com: allow balloon compaction for any system with memory compaction enabled, which is the defconfig]
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly
the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a
guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced
number of transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload.
This patch-set follows the main idea discussed at 2012 LSFMMS session:
"Ballooning for transparent huge pages" -- http://lwn.net/Articles/490114/
to introduce the required changes to the virtio_balloon driver, as well as
the changes to the core compaction & migration bits, in order to make
those subsystems aware of ballooned pages and allow memory balloon pages
become movable within a guest, thus avoiding the aforementioned
fragmentation issue
Following are numbers that prove this patch benefits on allowing
compaction to be more effective at memory ballooned guests.
Results for STRESS-HIGHALLOC benchmark, from Mel Gorman's mmtests suite,
running on a 4gB RAM KVM guest which was ballooning 512mB RAM in 64mB
chunks, at every minute (inflating/deflating), while test was running:
===BEGIN stress-highalloc
STRESS-HIGHALLOC
highalloc-3.7 highalloc-3.7
rc4-clean rc4-patch
Pass 1 55.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 7.00%)
Pass 2 54.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 8.00%)
while Rested 75.00 ( 0.00%) 80.00 ( 5.00%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
3.7 3.7
rc4-clean rc4-patch
User 1207.59 1207.46
System 1300.55 1299.61
Elapsed 2273.72 2157.06
MMTests Statistics: vmstat
3.7 3.7
rc4-clean rc4-patch
Page Ins 3581516 2374368
Page Outs 11148692 10410332
Swap Ins 80 47
Swap Outs 3641 476
Direct pages scanned 37978 33826
Kswapd pages scanned 1828245 1342869
Kswapd pages reclaimed 1710236 1304099
Direct pages reclaimed 32207 31005
Kswapd efficiency 93% 97%
Kswapd velocity 804.077 622.546
Direct efficiency 84% 91%
Direct velocity 16.703 15.682
Percentage direct scans 2% 2%
Page writes by reclaim 79252 9704
Page writes file 75611 9228
Page writes anon 3641 476
Page reclaim immediate 16764 11014
Page rescued immediate 0 0
Slabs scanned 2171904 2152448
Direct inode steals 385 2261
Kswapd inode steals 659137 609670
Kswapd skipped wait 1 69
THP fault alloc 546 631
THP collapse alloc 361 339
THP splits 259 263
THP fault fallback 98 50
THP collapse fail 20 17
Compaction stalls 747 499
Compaction success 244 145
Compaction failures 503 354
Compaction pages moved 370888 474837
Compaction move failure 77378 65259
===END stress-highalloc
This patch:
Introduce MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS as the default return code for
address_space_operations.migratepage() method and documents the expected
return code for the same method in failure cases.
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Implement vm_unmapped_area() using the rb_subtree_gap and highest_vm_end
information to look up for suitable virtual address space gaps.
struct vm_unmapped_area_info is used to define the desired allocation
request:
- lowest or highest possible address matching the remaining constraints
- desired gap length
- low/high address limits that the gap must fit into
- alignment mask and offset
Also update the generic arch_get_unmapped_area[_topdown] functions to make
use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_RB is enabled, check that rb_subtree_gap is correctly
set for every vma and that mm->highest_vm_end is also correct.
Also add an explicit 'bug' variable to track if browse_rb() detected any
invalid condition.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: repair innovative coding-style inventions]
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Define vma->rb_subtree_gap as the largest gap between any vma in the
subtree rooted at that vma, and their predecessor. Or, for a recursive
definition, vma->rb_subtree_gap is the max of:
- vma->vm_start - vma->vm_prev->vm_end
- rb_subtree_gap fields of the vmas pointed by vma->rb.rb_left and
vma->rb.rb_right
This will allow get_unmapped_area_* to find a free area of the right
size in O(log(N)) time, instead of potentially having to do a linear
walk across all the VMAs.
Also define mm->highest_vm_end as the vm_end field of the highest vma,
so that we can easily check if the following gap is suitable.
This does have the potential to make unmapping VMAs more expensive,
especially for processes with very large numbers of VMAs, where the VMA
rbtree can grow quite deep.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There was some desire in large applications using MAP_HUGETLB or
SHM_HUGETLB to use 1GB huge pages on some mappings, and stay with 2MB on
others. This is useful together with NUMA policy: use 2MB interleaving
on some mappings, but 1GB on local mappings.
This patch extends the IPC/SHM syscall interfaces slightly to allow
specifying the page size.
It borrows some upper bits in the existing flag arguments and allows
encoding the log of the desired page size in addition to the *_HUGETLB
flag. When 0 is specified the default size is used, this makes the
change fully compatible.
Extending the internal hugetlb code to handle this is straight forward.
Instead of a single mount it just keeps an array of them and selects the
right mount based on the specified page size. When no page size is
specified it uses the mount of the default page size.
The change is not visible in /proc/mounts because internal mounts don't
appear there. It also has very little overhead: the additional mounts
just consume a super block, but not more memory when not used.
I also exported the new flags to the user headers (they were previously
under __KERNEL__). Right now only symbols for x86 and some other
architecture for 1GB and 2MB are defined. The interface should already
work for all other architectures though. Only architectures that define
multiple hugetlb sizes actually need it (that is currently x86, tile,
powerpc). However tile and powerpc have user configurable hugetlb
sizes, so it's not easy to add defines. A program on those
architectures would need to query sysfs and use the appropiate log2.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups]
[rientjes@google.com: fix build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
action_result() fails to print out "dirty" even if an error occurred on
a dirty pagecache, because when we check PageDirty in action_result() it
was cleared after page isolation even if it's dirty before error
handling. This can break some applications that monitor this message,
so should be fixed.
There are several callers of action_result() except page_action(), but
either of them are not for LRU pages but for free pages or kernel pages,
so we don't have to consider dirty or not for them.
Note that PG_dirty can be set outside page locks as described in commit
6746aff74d ("HWPOISON: shmem: call set_page_dirty() with locked
page"), so this patch does not completely closes the race window, but
just narrows it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: "Jun'ichi Nomura" <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This can help to catch the case where hardware is writing after dma free.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tidy code, fix comment, use sizeof(page->offset), use pr_err()]
Signed-off-by: Matthieu Castet <matthieu.castet@parrot.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Exiting threads, those with PF_EXITING set, can pagefault and require
memory before they can make forward progress. This happens, for instance,
when a process must fault task->robust_list, a userspace structure, before
detaching its memory.
These threads also aren't guaranteed to get access to memory reserves
unless oom killed or killed from userspace. The oom killer won't grant
memory reserves if other threads are also exiting other than current and
stalling at the same point. This prevents needlessly killing processes
when others are already exiting.
Instead of special casing all the possible situations between PF_EXITING
getting set and a thread detaching its mm where it may allocate memory,
which probably wouldn't get updated when a change is made to the exit
path, the solution is to give all exiting threads access to memory
reserves if they call the oom killer. This allows them to quickly
allocate, detach its mm, and free the memory it represents.
Summary of Luigi's bug report:
: He had an oom condition where threads were faulting on task->robust_list
: and repeatedly called the oom killer but it would defer killing a thread
: because it saw other PF_EXITING threads. This can happen anytime we need
: to allocate memory after setting PF_EXITING and before detaching our mm;
: if there are other threads in the same state then the oom killer won't do
: anything unless one of them happens to be killed from userspace.
:
: So instead of only deferring for PF_EXITING and !task->robust_list, it's
: better to just give them access to memory reserves to prevent a potential
: livelock so that any other faults that may be introduced in the future in
: the exit path don't cause the same problem (and hopefully we don't allow
: too many of those!).
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On x86 memory accesses to pages without the ACCESSED flag set result in
the ACCESSED flag being set automatically. With the ARM architecture a
page access fault is raised instead (and it will continue to be raised
until the ACCESSED flag is set for the appropriate PTE/PMD).
For normal memory pages, handle_pte_fault will call pte_mkyoung
(effectively setting the ACCESSED flag). For transparent huge pages,
pmd_mkyoung will only be called for a write fault.
This patch ensures that faults on transparent hugepages which do not
result in a CoW update the access flags for the faulting pmd.
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Ni zhan Chen <nizhan.chen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In flush_all_zero_pkmaps(), we have an index of the pkmap associated with
the page. Using this index, we can simply get virtual address of the
page. So change it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can find free page_address_map instance without the page_address_pool.
So remove it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The pool_lock protects the page_address_pool from concurrent access. But,
access to the page_address_pool is already protected by kmap_lock. So
remove it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kin <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To calculate an index of pkmap, using PKMAP_NR() is more understandable
and maintainable, so change it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The call to frontswap_init() was added within enable_swap_info(), which
was called not only during sys_swapon, but also to reinsert the swap_info
into the swap_list in case of failure of try_to_unuse() within
sys_swapoff. This means that frontswap_init() might be called more than
once for the same swap area.
While as far as I could see no frontswap implementation has any problem
with it (and in fact, all the ones I found ignore the parameter passed to
frontswap_init), this could change in the future.
To prevent future problems, move the call to frontswap_init() to outside
the code shared between sys_swapon and sys_swapoff.
Signed-off-by: Cesar Eduardo Barros <cesarb@cesarb.net>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The block within sys_swapoff() which re-inserts the swap_info into the
swap_list in case of failure of try_to_unuse() reads a few values outside
the swap_lock. While this is safe at that point, it is subtle code.
Simplify the code by moving the reading of these values to a separate
function, refactoring it a bit so they are read from within the swap_lock.
This is easier to understand, and matches better the way it worked before
I unified the insertion of the swap_info from both sys_swapon and
sys_swapoff.
This change should make no functional difference. The only real change is
moving the read of two or three structure fields to within the lock
(frontswap_map_get() is nothing more than a read of p->frontswap_map).
Signed-off-by: Cesar Eduardo Barros <cesarb@cesarb.net>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
