Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
perf kvm can be used to analyze guest exit reasons. This support already
exists in x86. Hence, porting it to powerpc.
- To trace KVM events :
perf kvm stat record
If many guests are running, we can track for a specific guest by using
--pid as in : perf kvm stat record --pid <pid>
- To see the results :
perf kvm stat report
The result shows the number of exits (from the guest context to
host/hypervisor context) grouped by their respective exit reasons with
their frequency.
Since, different powerpc machines have different KVM tracepoints, this
patch discovers the available tracepoints dynamically and accordingly
looks for them. If any single tracepoint is not present, this support
won't be enabled for reporting. To record, this will fail if any of the
events we are looking to record isn't available. Right now, its only
supported on PowerPC Book3S_HV architectures.
To analyze the different exits, group them and present them (in a slight
descriptive way) to the user, we need a mapping between the "exit code"
(dumped in the kvm_guest_exit tracepoint data) and to its related
Interrupt vector description (exit reason). This patch adds this mapping
in book3s_hv_exits.h.
It records on two available KVM tracepoints for book3s_hv:
"kvm_hv:kvm_guest_exit" and "kvm_hv:kvm_guest_enter".
Here is a sample o/p:
# pgrep qemu
19378
60515
2 Guests are running on the host.
# perf kvm stat record -a
^C[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 4.153 MB perf.data.guest (39624
samples) ]
# perf kvm stat report -p 60515
Analyze events for pid(s) 60515, all VCPUs:
VM-EXIT Samples Samples% Time% MinTime MaxTime Avg time
SYSCALL 9141 63.67% 7.49% 1.26us 5782.39us 9.87us (+- 6.46%)
H_DATA_STORAGE 4114 28.66% 5.07% 1.72us 4597.68us 14.84us (+-20.06%)
HV_DECREMENTER 418 2.91% 4.26% 0.70us 30002.22us 122.58us (+-70.29%)
EXTERNAL 392 2.73% 0.06% 0.64us 104.10us 1.94us (+-18.83%)
RETURN_TO_HOST 287 2.00% 83.11% 1.53us 124240.15us 3486.52us (+-16.81%)
H_INST_STORAGE 5 0.03% 0.00% 1.88us 3.73us 2.39us (+-14.20%)
Total Samples:14357, Total events handled time:1203918.42us.
Signed-off-by: Hemant Kumar <hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexander Yarygin <yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Scott Wood <scottwood@freescale.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1453962787-15376-3-git-send-email-hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This patch removes the "const" qualifier from kvm_events_tp declaration
to account for the fact that some architectures may need to update this
variable dynamically. For instance, powerpc will need to update this
variable dynamically depending on the machine type.
Signed-off-by: Hemant Kumar <hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Yarygin <yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Scott Wood <scottwood@freescale.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1453962787-15376-2-git-send-email-hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Its better to remove the dependency on uapi/kvm_perf.h to allow dynamic
discovery of kvm events (if its needed). To do this, some extern
variables have been introduced with which we can keep the generic
functions generic.
Signed-off-by: Hemant Kumar <hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Alexander Yarygin <yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Scott Wood <scottwood@freescale.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1453962787-15376-1-git-send-email-hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Enable perf kvm to use perf.data.guest when it is not owned by current
user or root.
Example:
# perf kvm stat record ls
# chown Yunlong.Song:Yunlong.Song perf.data.guest
# ls -al perf.data.guest
-rw------- 1 Yunlong.Song Yunlong.Song 4128937 Apr 2 11:05 perf.data.guest
# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),64(pkcs11)
Before this patch:
# perf kvm stat report
File perf.data.guest not owned by current user or root (use -f to override)
Initializing perf session failed
# perf kvm stat report -f
Error: unknown switch `f'
usage: perf kvm stat report [<options>]
--event <report event>
event for reporting: vmexit, mmio (x86 only),
ioport (x86 only)
--vcpu <n> vcpu id to report
-k, --key <sort-key> key for sorting: sample(sort by samples
number) time (sort by avg time)
-p, --pid <pid> analyze events only for given process id(s)
As shown above, the -f option does not work at all.
After this patch:
# perf kvm stat report
File perf.data.guest not owned by current user or root (use -f to override)
Initializing perf session failed
# perf kvm stat report -f
Analyze events for all VMs, all VCPUs:
VM-EXIT Samples Samples% Time% Min Time Max Time Avg time
Total Samples:0, Total events handled time:0.00us.
As shown above, the -f option really works now. Since we have not
launched any KVM related process, the result shows 0 sample here.
Signed-off-by: Yunlong Song <yunlong.song@huawei.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427982439-27388-5-git-send-email-yunlong.song@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The 'perf kvm stat report' command uses the kvm->pid_str field to keep
the value of the --pid option. Let's use kvm->opts.target.pid instead.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Yarygin <yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1409579095-12963-2-git-send-email-yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
On s390, the vmexit event has a tree-like structure: between
exit_event_begin and exit_event_end several other events may happen and
with each of them refining the previous ones.
This patch adds a decoder for such events to the generic code and also
the files <asm/kvm_perf.h> and kvm-stat.c for s390.
Commands 'perf kvm stat record', 'report' and 'live' are supported.
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Yarygin <yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1404397747-20939-5-git-send-email-yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Current code skips output of the x86 specific HLT event in order to
avoid flooding the output with enabled --duration option. The events to
be skipped should be architecture dependent, though.
Let's add an architecture specific array of events to be skipped and
introduce a skip_event() function checking against that array.
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Yarygin <yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1404397747-20939-4-git-send-email-yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Parts of a 'perf kvm stat' code make sense only for x86.
Let's move this code into the arch/x86/kvm-stat.c file and add
util/kvm-stat.h for generic structure definitions.
Add a global array 'kvm_reg_events_ops' for accessing the arch-specific
'kvm_events_ops' from generic code.
Since the several global arrays (i.e. 'kvm_events_tp') have been moved
to arch/*, we can not know their sizes and use them directly in
builtin-kvm.c. This patch fixes that problem by adding trimming NULL
element to each array and changing the behavior of their handlers in
generic code.
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Yarygin <yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1404397747-20939-3-git-send-email-yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Hemant Kumar
Yunlong Song
Alexander Yarygin