Input: multitouch - augment event semantics documentation

Through the collaboration to adapt the N-trig and Stantum HID
drivers to the MT protocol, some semantic clarifications to the
protocol have been made. This patch adds them to the MT documentation.

Signed-off-by: Henrik Rydberg <rydberg@euromail.se>
Tested-by: Stéphane Chatty <chatty@enac.fr>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>

Documentation/input/multi-touch-protocol.txt

@@ -18,8 +18,12 @@ Usage
 Anonymous finger details are sent sequentially as separate packets of ABS
 events. Only the ABS_MT events are recognized as part of a finger
 packet. The end of a packet is marked by calling the input_mt_sync()
-function, which generates a SYN_MT_REPORT event. The end of multi-touch
+function, which generates a SYN_MT_REPORT event. This instructs the
-transfer is marked by calling the usual input_sync() function.
+receiver to accept the data for the current finger and prepare to receive
+another. The end of a multi-touch transfer is marked by calling the usual
+input_sync() function. This instructs the receiver to act upon events
+accumulated since last EV_SYN/SYN_REPORT and prepare to receive a new
+set of events/packets.
 
 A set of ABS_MT events with the desired properties is defined. The events
 are divided into categories, to allow for partial implementation.  The
@@ -27,11 +31,26 @@ minimum set consists of ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, ABS_MT_POSITION_X and
 ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, which allows for multiple fingers to be tracked.  If the
 device supports it, the ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR may be used to provide the size
 of the approaching finger. Anisotropy and direction may be specified with
-ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR and ABS_MT_ORIENTATION. Devices with
+ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR and ABS_MT_ORIENTATION.  The
-more granular information may specify general shapes as blobs, i.e., as a
+ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE may be used to specify whether the touching tool is a
-sequence of rectangular shapes grouped together by an
+finger or a pen or something else.  Devices with more granular information
-ABS_MT_BLOB_ID. Finally, the ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE may be used to specify
+may specify general shapes as blobs, i.e., as a sequence of rectangular
-whether the touching tool is a finger or a pen or something else.
+shapes grouped together by an ABS_MT_BLOB_ID. Finally, for the few devices
+that currently support it, the ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID event may be used to
+report finger tracking from hardware [5].
+
+Here is what a minimal event sequence for a two-finger touch would look
+like:
+
+   ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR
+   ABS_MT_POSITION_X
+   ABS_MT_POSITION_Y
+   SYN_MT_REPORT
+   ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR
+   ABS_MT_POSITION_X
+   ABS_MT_POSITION_Y
+   SYN_MT_REPORT
+   SYN_REPORT
 
 
 Event Semantics
@@ -44,24 +63,24 @@ ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR
 
 The length of the major axis of the contact. The length should be given in
 surface units. If the surface has an X times Y resolution, the largest
-possible value of ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR is sqrt(X^2 + Y^2), the diagonal.
+possible value of ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR is sqrt(X^2 + Y^2), the diagonal [4].
 
 ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR
 
 The length, in surface units, of the minor axis of the contact. If the
-contact is circular, this event can be omitted.
+contact is circular, this event can be omitted [4].
 
 ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR
 
 The length, in surface units, of the major axis of the approaching
 tool. This should be understood as the size of the tool itself. The
 orientation of the contact and the approaching tool are assumed to be the
-same.
+same [4].
 
 ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR
 
 The length, in surface units, of the minor axis of the approaching
-tool. Omit if circular.
+tool. Omit if circular [4].
 
 The above four values can be used to derive additional information about
 the contact. The ratio ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR / ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR approximates
@@ -70,14 +89,17 @@ different characteristic widths [1].
 
 ABS_MT_ORIENTATION
 
-The orientation of the ellipse. The value should describe half a revolution
+The orientation of the ellipse. The value should describe a signed quarter
-clockwise around the touch center. The scale of the value is arbitrary, but
+of a revolution clockwise around the touch center. The signed value range
-zero should be returned for an ellipse aligned along the Y axis of the
+is arbitrary, but zero should be returned for a finger aligned along the Y
-surface. As an example, an index finger placed straight onto the axis could
+axis of the surface, a negative value when finger is turned to the left, and
-return zero orientation, something negative when twisted to the left, and
+a positive value when finger turned to the right. When completely aligned with
-something positive when twisted to the right. This value can be omitted if
+the X axis, the range max should be returned.  Orientation can be omitted
-the touching object is circular, or if the information is not available in
+if the touching object is circular, or if the information is not available
-the kernel driver.
+in the kernel driver. Partial orientation support is possible if the device
+can distinguish between the two axis, but not (uniquely) any values in
+between. In such cases, the range of ABS_MT_ORIENTATION should be [0, 1]
+[4].
 
 ABS_MT_POSITION_X
 
@@ -98,8 +120,35 @@ ABS_MT_BLOB_ID
 
 The BLOB_ID groups several packets together into one arbitrarily shaped
 contact. This is a low-level anonymous grouping, and should not be confused
-with the high-level contactID, explained below. Most kernel drivers will
+with the high-level trackingID [5]. Most kernel drivers will not have blob
-not have this capability, and can safely omit the event.
+capability, and can safely omit the event.
+
+ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID
+
+The TRACKING_ID identifies an initiated contact throughout its life cycle
+[5]. There are currently only a few devices that support it, so this event
+should normally be omitted.
+
+
+Event Computation
+-----------------
+
+The flora of different hardware unavoidably leads to some devices fitting
+better to the MT protocol than others. To simplify and unify the mapping,
+this section gives recipes for how to compute certain events.
+
+For devices reporting contacts as rectangular shapes, signed orientation
+cannot be obtained. Assuming X and Y are the lengths of the sides of the
+touching rectangle, here is a simple formula that retains the most
+information possible:
+
+   ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR := max(X, Y)
+   ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR := min(X, Y)
+   ABS_MT_ORIENTATION := bool(X > Y)
+
+The range of ABS_MT_ORIENTATION should be set to [0, 1], to indicate that
+the device can distinguish between a finger along the Y axis (0) and a
+finger along the X axis (1).
 
 
 Finger Tracking
@@ -109,14 +158,18 @@ The kernel driver should generate an arbitrary enumeration of the set of
 anonymous contacts currently on the surface. The order in which the packets
 appear in the event stream is not important.
 
-The process of finger tracking, i.e., to assign a unique contactID to each
+The process of finger tracking, i.e., to assign a unique trackingID to each
 initiated contact on the surface, is left to user space; preferably the
-multi-touch X driver [3]. In that driver, the contactID stays the same and
+multi-touch X driver [3]. In that driver, the trackingID stays the same and
 unique until the contact vanishes (when the finger leaves the surface). The
 problem of assigning a set of anonymous fingers to a set of identified
 fingers is a euclidian bipartite matching problem at each event update, and
 relies on a sufficiently rapid update rate.
 
+There are a few devices that support trackingID in hardware. User space can
+make use of these native identifiers to reduce bandwidth and cpu usage.
+
+
 Notes
 -----
 
@@ -136,5 +189,7 @@ could be used to derive tilt.
 time of writing (April 2009), the MT protocol is not yet merged, and the
 prototype implements finger matching, basic mouse support and two-finger
 scrolling. The project aims at improving the quality of current multi-touch
-functionality available in the synaptics X driver, and in addition
+functionality available in the Synaptics X driver, and in addition
 implement more advanced gestures.
+[4] See the section on event computation.
+[5] See the section on finger tracking.