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Merge branch 'locking-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Browse source 
Pull locking fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "Misc fixes:

   - Fix a S390 boot hang that was caused by the lock-break logic.
     Remove lock-break to begin with, as review suggested it was
     unreasonably fragile and our confidence in its continued good
     health is lower than our confidence in its removal.

   - Remove the lockdep cross-release checking code for now, because of
     unresolved false positive warnings. This should make lockdep work
     well everywhere again.

   - Get rid of the final (and single) ACCESS_ONCE() straggler and
     remove the API from v4.15.

   - Fix a liblockdep build warning"

* 'locking-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  tools/lib/lockdep: Add missing declaration of 'pr_cont()'
  checkpatch: Remove ACCESS_ONCE() warning
  compiler.h: Remove ACCESS_ONCE()
  tools/include: Remove ACCESS_ONCE()
  tools/perf: Convert ACCESS_ONCE() to READ_ONCE()
  locking/lockdep: Remove the cross-release locking checks
  locking/core: Remove break_lock field when CONFIG_GENERIC_LOCKBREAK=y
  locking/core: Fix deadlock during boot on systems with GENERIC_LOCKBREAK
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds 2017-12-15 11:44:59 -08:00
commit 1f76a75561
15 changed files with 63 additions and 1800 deletions
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874
Documentation/locking/crossrelease.txt
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@ -1,874 +0,0 @@
Crossrelease
============
Started by Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
Contents:
(*) Background
- What causes deadlock
- How lockdep works
(*) Limitation
- Limit lockdep
- Pros from the limitation
- Cons from the limitation
- Relax the limitation
(*) Crossrelease
- Introduce crossrelease
- Introduce commit
(*) Implementation
- Data structures
- How crossrelease works
(*) Optimizations
- Avoid duplication
- Lockless for hot paths
(*) APPENDIX A: What lockdep does to work aggresively
(*) APPENDIX B: How to avoid adding false dependencies
==========
Background
==========
What causes deadlock
--------------------
A deadlock occurs when a context is waiting for an event to happen,
which is impossible because another (or the) context who can trigger the
event is also waiting for another (or the) event to happen, which is
also impossible due to the same reason.
For example:
A context going to trigger event C is waiting for event A to happen.
A context going to trigger event A is waiting for event B to happen.
A context going to trigger event B is waiting for event C to happen.
A deadlock occurs when these three wait operations run at the same time,
because event C cannot be triggered if event A does not happen, which in
turn cannot be triggered if event B does not happen, which in turn
cannot be triggered if event C does not happen. After all, no event can
be triggered since any of them never meets its condition to wake up.
A dependency might exist between two waiters and a deadlock might happen
due to an incorrect releationship between dependencies. Thus, we must
define what a dependency is first. A dependency exists between them if:
1. There are two waiters waiting for each event at a given time.
2. The only way to wake up each waiter is to trigger its event.
3. Whether one can be woken up depends on whether the other can.
Each wait in the example creates its dependency like:
Event C depends on event A.
Event A depends on event B.
Event B depends on event C.
NOTE: Precisely speaking, a dependency is one between whether a
waiter for an event can be woken up and whether another waiter for
another event can be woken up. However from now on, we will describe
a dependency as if it's one between an event and another event for
simplicity.
And they form circular dependencies like:
-> C -> A -> B -
/ \
\ /
----------------
where 'A -> B' means that event A depends on event B.
Such circular dependencies lead to a deadlock since no waiter can meet
its condition to wake up as described.
CONCLUSION
Circular dependencies cause a deadlock.
How lockdep works
-----------------
Lockdep tries to detect a deadlock by checking dependencies created by
lock operations, acquire and release. Waiting for a lock corresponds to
waiting for an event, and releasing a lock corresponds to triggering an
event in the previous section.
In short, lockdep does:
1. Detect a new dependency.
2. Add the dependency into a global graph.
3. Check if that makes dependencies circular.
4. Report a deadlock or its possibility if so.
For example, consider a graph built by lockdep that looks like:
A -> B -
\
-> E
/
C -> D -
where A, B,..., E are different lock classes.
Lockdep will add a dependency into the graph on detection of a new
dependency. For example, it will add a dependency 'E -> C' when a new
dependency between lock E and lock C is detected. Then the graph will be:
A -> B -
\
-> E -
/ \
-> C -> D - \
/ /
\ /
------------------
where A, B,..., E are different lock classes.
This graph contains a subgraph which demonstrates circular dependencies:
-> E -
/ \
-> C -> D - \
/ /
\ /
------------------
where C, D and E are different lock classes.
This is the condition under which a deadlock might occur. Lockdep
reports it on detection after adding a new dependency. This is the way
how lockdep works.
CONCLUSION
Lockdep detects a deadlock or its possibility by checking if circular
dependencies were created after adding each new dependency.
==========
Limitation
==========
Limit lockdep
-------------
Limiting lockdep to work on only typical locks e.g. spin locks and
mutexes, which are released within the acquire context, the
implementation becomes simple but its capacity for detection becomes
limited. Let's check pros and cons in next section.
Pros from the limitation
------------------------
Given the limitation, when acquiring a lock, locks in a held_locks
cannot be released if the context cannot acquire it so has to wait to
acquire it, which means all waiters for the locks in the held_locks are
stuck. It's an exact case to create dependencies between each lock in
the held_locks and the lock to acquire.
For example:
CONTEXT X
---------
acquire A
acquire B /* Add a dependency 'A -> B' */
release B
release A
where A and B are different lock classes.
When acquiring lock A, the held_locks of CONTEXT X is empty thus no
dependency is added. But when acquiring lock B, lockdep detects and adds
a new dependency 'A -> B' between lock A in the held_locks and lock B.
They can be simply added whenever acquiring each lock.
And data required by lockdep exists in a local structure, held_locks
embedded in task_struct. Forcing to access the data within the context,
lockdep can avoid racy problems without explicit locks while handling
the local data.
Lastly, lockdep only needs to keep locks currently being held, to build
a dependency graph. However, relaxing the limitation, it needs to keep
even locks already released, because a decision whether they created
dependencies might be long-deferred.
To sum up, we can expect several advantages from the limitation:
1. Lockdep can easily identify a dependency when acquiring a lock.
2. Races are avoidable while accessing local locks in a held_locks.
3. Lockdep only needs to keep locks currently being held.
CONCLUSION
Given the limitation, the implementation becomes simple and efficient.
Cons from the limitation
------------------------
Given the limitation, lockdep is applicable only to typical locks. For
example, page locks for page access or completions for synchronization
cannot work with lockdep.
Can we detect deadlocks below, under the limitation?
Example 1:
CONTEXT X CONTEXT Y CONTEXT Z
--------- --------- ----------
mutex_lock A
lock_page B
lock_page B
mutex_lock A /* DEADLOCK */
unlock_page B held by X
unlock_page B
mutex_unlock A
mutex_unlock A
where A and B are different lock classes.
No, we cannot.
Example 2:
CONTEXT X CONTEXT Y
--------- ---------
mutex_lock A
mutex_lock A
wait_for_complete B /* DEADLOCK */
complete B
mutex_unlock A
mutex_unlock A
where A is a lock class and B is a completion variable.
No, we cannot.
CONCLUSION
Given the limitation, lockdep cannot detect a deadlock or its
possibility caused by page locks or completions.
Relax the limitation
--------------------
Under the limitation, things to create dependencies are limited to
typical locks. However, synchronization primitives like page locks and
completions, which are allowed to be released in any context, also
create dependencies and can cause a deadlock. So lockdep should track
these locks to do a better job. We have to relax the limitation for
these locks to work with lockdep.
Detecting dependencies is very important for lockdep to work because
adding a dependency means adding an opportunity to check whether it
causes a deadlock. The more lockdep adds dependencies, the more it
thoroughly works. Thus Lockdep has to do its best to detect and add as
many true dependencies into a graph as possible.
For example, considering only typical locks, lockdep builds a graph like:
A -> B -
\
-> E
/
C -> D -
where A, B,..., E are different lock classes.
On the other hand, under the relaxation, additional dependencies might
be created and added. Assuming additional 'FX -> C' and 'E -> GX' are
added thanks to the relaxation, the graph will be:
A -> B -
\
-> E -> GX
/
FX -> C -> D -
where A, B,..., E, FX and GX are different lock classes, and a suffix
'X' is added on non-typical locks.
The latter graph gives us more chances to check circular dependencies
than the former. However, it might suffer performance degradation since
relaxing the limitation, with which design and implementation of lockdep
can be efficient, might introduce inefficiency inevitably. So lockdep
should provide two options, strong detection and efficient detection.
Choosing efficient detection:
Lockdep works with only locks restricted to be released within the
acquire context. However, lockdep works efficiently.
Choosing strong detection:
Lockdep works with all synchronization primitives. However, lockdep
suffers performance degradation.
CONCLUSION
Relaxing the limitation, lockdep can add additional dependencies giving
additional opportunities to check circular dependencies.
============
Crossrelease
============
Introduce crossrelease
----------------------
In order to allow lockdep to handle additional dependencies by what
might be released in any context, namely 'crosslock', we have to be able
to identify those created by crosslocks. The proposed 'crossrelease'
feature provoides a way to do that.
Crossrelease feature has to do:
1. Identify dependencies created by crosslocks.
2. Add the dependencies into a dependency graph.
That's all. Once a meaningful dependency is added into graph, then
lockdep would work with the graph as it did. The most important thing
crossrelease feature has to do is to correctly identify and add true
dependencies into the global graph.
A dependency e.g. 'A -> B' can be identified only in the A's release
context because a decision required to identify the dependency can be
made only in the release context. That is to decide whether A can be
released so that a waiter for A can be woken up. It cannot be made in
other than the A's release context.
It's no matter for typical locks because each acquire context is same as
its release context, thus lockdep can decide whether a lock can be
released in the acquire context. However for crosslocks, lockdep cannot
make the decision in the acquire context but has to wait until the
release context is identified.
Therefore, deadlocks by crosslocks cannot be detected just when it
happens, because those cannot be identified until the crosslocks are
released. However, deadlock possibilities can be detected and it's very
worth. See 'APPENDIX A' section to check why.
CONCLUSION
Using crossrelease feature, lockdep can work with what might be released
in any context, namely crosslock.
Introduce commit
----------------
Since crossrelease defers the work adding true dependencies of
crosslocks until they are actually released, crossrelease has to queue
all acquisitions which might create dependencies with the crosslocks.
Then it identifies dependencies using the queued data in batches at a
proper time. We call it 'commit'.
There are four types of dependencies:
1. TT type: 'typical lock A -> typical lock B'
Just when acquiring B, lockdep can see it's in the A's release
context. So the dependency between A and B can be identified
immediately. Commit is unnecessary.
2. TC type: 'typical lock A -> crosslock BX'
Just when acquiring BX, lockdep can see it's in the A's release
context. So the dependency between A and BX can be identified
immediately. Commit is unnecessary, too.
3. CT type: 'crosslock AX -> typical lock B'
When acquiring B, lockdep cannot identify the dependency because
there's no way to know if it's in the AX's release context. It has
to wait until the decision can be made. Commit is necessary.
4. CC type: 'crosslock AX -> crosslock BX'
When acquiring BX, lockdep cannot identify the dependency because
there's no way to know if it's in the AX's release context. It has
to wait until the decision can be made. Commit is necessary.
But, handling CC type is not implemented yet. It's a future work.
Lockdep can work without commit for typical locks, but commit step is
necessary once crosslocks are involved. Introducing commit, lockdep
performs three steps. What lockdep does in each step is:
1. Acquisition: For typical locks, lockdep does what it originally did
and queues the lock so that CT type dependencies can be checked using
it at the commit step. For crosslocks, it saves data which will be
used at the commit step and increases a reference count for it.
2. Commit: No action is reauired for typical locks. For crosslocks,
lockdep adds CT type dependencies using the data saved at the
acquisition step.
3. Release: No changes are required for typical locks. When a crosslock
is released, it decreases a reference count for it.
CONCLUSION
Crossrelease introduces commit step to handle dependencies of crosslocks
in batches at a proper time.
==============
Implementation
==============
Data structures
---------------
Crossrelease introduces two main data structures.
1. hist_lock
This is an array embedded in task_struct, for keeping lock history so
that dependencies can be added using them at the commit step. Since
it's local data, it can be accessed locklessly in the owner context.
The array is filled at the acquisition step and consumed at the
commit step. And it's managed in circular manner.
2. cross_lock
One per lockdep_map exists. This is for keeping data of crosslocks
and used at the commit step.
How crossrelease works
----------------------
It's the key of how crossrelease works, to defer necessary works to an
appropriate point in time and perform in at once at the commit step.
Let's take a look with examples step by step, starting from how lockdep
works without crossrelease for typical locks.
acquire A /* Push A onto held_locks */
acquire B /* Push B onto held_locks and add 'A -> B' */
acquire C /* Push C onto held_locks and add 'B -> C' */
release C /* Pop C from held_locks */
release B /* Pop B from held_locks */
release A /* Pop A from held_locks */
where A, B and C are different lock classes.
NOTE: This document assumes that readers already understand how
lockdep works without crossrelease thus omits details. But there's
one thing to note. Lockdep pretends to pop a lock from held_locks
when releasing it. But it's subtly different from the original pop
operation because lockdep allows other than the top to be poped.
In this case, lockdep adds 'the top of held_locks -> the lock to acquire'
dependency every time acquiring a lock.
After adding 'A -> B', a dependency graph will be:
A -> B
where A and B are different lock classes.
And after adding 'B -> C', the graph will be:
A -> B -> C
where A, B and C are different lock classes.
Let's performs commit step even for typical locks to add dependencies.
Of course, commit step is not necessary for them, however, it would work
well because this is a more general way.
acquire A
/*
* Queue A into hist_locks
*
* In hist_locks: A
* In graph: Empty
*/
acquire B
/*
* Queue B into hist_locks
*
* In hist_locks: A, B
* In graph: Empty
*/
acquire C
/*
* Queue C into hist_locks
*
* In hist_locks: A, B, C
* In graph: Empty
*/
commit C
/*
* Add 'C -> ?'
* Answer the following to decide '?'
* What has been queued since acquire C: Nothing
*
* In hist_locks: A, B, C
* In graph: Empty
*/
release C
commit B
/*
* Add 'B -> ?'
* Answer the following to decide '?'
* What has been queued since acquire B: C
*
* In hist_locks: A, B, C
* In graph: 'B -> C'
*/
release B
commit A
/*
* Add 'A -> ?'
* Answer the following to decide '?'
* What has been queued since acquire A: B, C
*
* In hist_locks: A, B, C
* In graph: 'B -> C', 'A -> B', 'A -> C'
*/
release A
where A, B and C are different lock classes.
In this case, dependencies are added at the commit step as described.
After commits for A, B and C, the graph will be:
A -> B -> C
where A, B and C are different lock classes.
NOTE: A dependency 'A -> C' is optimized out.
We can see the former graph built without commit step is same as the
latter graph built using commit steps. Of course the former way leads to
earlier finish for building the graph, which means we can detect a
deadlock or its possibility sooner. So the former way would be prefered
when possible. But we cannot avoid using the latter way for crosslocks.
Let's look at how commit steps work for crosslocks. In this case, the
commit step is performed only on crosslock AX as real. And it assumes
that the AX release context is different from the AX acquire context.
BX RELEASE CONTEXT BX ACQUIRE CONTEXT
------------------ ------------------
acquire A
/*
* Push A onto held_locks
* Queue A into hist_locks
*
* In held_locks: A
* In hist_locks: A
* In graph: Empty
*/
acquire BX
/*
* Add 'the top of held_locks -> BX'
*
* In held_locks: A
* In hist_locks: A
* In graph: 'A -> BX'
*/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It must be guaranteed that the following operations are seen after
acquiring BX globally. It can be done by things like barrier.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
acquire C
/*
* Push C onto held_locks
* Queue C into hist_locks
*
* In held_locks: C
* In hist_locks: C
* In graph: 'A -> BX'
*/
release C
/*
* Pop C from held_locks
*
* In held_locks: Empty
* In hist_locks: C
* In graph: 'A -> BX'
*/
acquire D
/*
* Push D onto held_locks
* Queue D into hist_locks
* Add 'the top of held_locks -> D'
*
* In held_locks: A, D
* In hist_locks: A, D
* In graph: 'A -> BX', 'A -> D'
*/
acquire E
/*
* Push E onto held_locks
* Queue E into hist_locks
*
* In held_locks: E
* In hist_locks: C, E
* In graph: 'A -> BX', 'A -> D'
*/
release E
/*
* Pop E from held_locks
*
* In held_locks: Empty
* In hist_locks: D, E
* In graph: 'A -> BX', 'A -> D'
*/
release D
/*
* Pop D from held_locks
*
* In held_locks: A
* In hist_locks: A, D
* In graph: 'A -> BX', 'A -> D'
*/
commit BX
/*
* Add 'BX -> ?'
* What has been queued since acquire BX: C, E
*
* In held_locks: Empty
* In hist_locks: D, E
* In graph: 'A -> BX', 'A -> D',
* 'BX -> C', 'BX -> E'
*/
release BX
/*
* In held_locks: Empty
* In hist_locks: D, E
* In graph: 'A -> BX', 'A -> D',
* 'BX -> C', 'BX -> E'
*/
release A
/*
* Pop A from held_locks
*
* In held_locks: Empty
* In hist_locks: A, D
* In graph: 'A -> BX', 'A -> D',
* 'BX -> C', 'BX -> E'
*/
where A, BX, C,..., E are different lock classes, and a suffix 'X' is
added on crosslocks.
Crossrelease considers all acquisitions after acqiuring BX are
candidates which might create dependencies with BX. True dependencies
will be determined when identifying the release context of BX. Meanwhile,
all typical locks are queued so that they can be used at the commit step.
And then two dependencies 'BX -> C' and 'BX -> E' are added at the
commit step when identifying the release context.
The final graph will be, with crossrelease:
-> C
/
-> BX -
/ \
A - -> E
\
-> D
where A, BX, C,..., E are different lock classes, and a suffix 'X' is
added on crosslocks.
However, the final graph will be, without crossrelease:
A -> D
where A and D are different lock classes.
The former graph has three more dependencies, 'A -> BX', 'BX -> C' and
'BX -> E' giving additional opportunities to check if they cause
deadlocks. This way lockdep can detect a deadlock or its possibility
caused by crosslocks.
CONCLUSION
We checked how crossrelease works with several examples.
=============
Optimizations
=============
Avoid duplication
-----------------
Crossrelease feature uses a cache like what lockdep already uses for
dependency chains, but this time it's for caching CT type dependencies.
Once that dependency is cached, the same will never be added again.
Lockless for hot paths
----------------------
To keep all locks for later use at the commit step, crossrelease adopts
a local array embedded in task_struct, which makes access to the data
lockless by forcing it to happen only within the owner context. It's
like how lockdep handles held_locks. Lockless implmentation is important
since typical locks are very frequently acquired and released.
=================================================
APPENDIX A: What lockdep does to work aggresively
=================================================
A deadlock actually occurs when all wait operations creating circular
dependencies run at the same time. Even though they don't, a potential
deadlock exists if the problematic dependencies exist. Thus it's
meaningful to detect not only an actual deadlock but also its potential
possibility. The latter is rather valuable. When a deadlock occurs
actually, we can identify what happens in the system by some means or
other even without lockdep. However, there's no way to detect possiblity
without lockdep unless the whole code is parsed in head. It's terrible.
Lockdep does the both, and crossrelease only focuses on the latter.
Whether or not a deadlock actually occurs depends on several factors.
For example, what order contexts are switched in is a factor. Assuming
circular dependencies exist, a deadlock would occur when contexts are
switched so that all wait operations creating the dependencies run
simultaneously. Thus to detect a deadlock possibility even in the case
that it has not occured yet, lockdep should consider all possible
combinations of dependencies, trying to:
1. Use a global dependency graph.
Lockdep combines all dependencies into one global graph and uses them,
regardless of which context generates them or what order contexts are
switched in. Aggregated dependencies are only considered so they are
prone to be circular if a problem exists.
2. Check dependencies between classes instead of instances.
What actually causes a deadlock are instances of lock. However,
lockdep checks dependencies between classes instead of instances.
This way lockdep can detect a deadlock which has not happened but
might happen in future by others but the same class.
3. Assume all acquisitions lead to waiting.
Although locks might be acquired without waiting which is essential
to create dependencies, lockdep assumes all acquisitions lead to
waiting since it might be true some time or another.
CONCLUSION
Lockdep detects not only an actual deadlock but also its possibility,
and the latter is more valuable.
==================================================
APPENDIX B: How to avoid adding false dependencies
==================================================
Remind what a dependency is. A dependency exists if:
1. There are two waiters waiting for each event at a given time.
2. The only way to wake up each waiter is to trigger its event.
3. Whether one can be woken up depends on whether the other can.
For example:
acquire A
acquire B /* A dependency 'A -> B' exists */
release B
release A
where A and B are different lock classes.
A depedency 'A -> B' exists since:
1. A waiter for A and a waiter for B might exist when acquiring B.
2. Only way to wake up each is to release what it waits for.
3. Whether the waiter for A can be woken up depends on whether the
other can. IOW, TASK X cannot release A if it fails to acquire B.
For another example:
TASK X TASK Y
------ ------
acquire AX
acquire B /* A dependency 'AX -> B' exists */
release B
release AX held by Y
where AX and B are different lock classes, and a suffix 'X' is added
on crosslocks.
Even in this case involving crosslocks, the same rule can be applied. A
depedency 'AX -> B' exists since:
1. A waiter for AX and a waiter for B might exist when acquiring B.
2. Only way to wake up each is to release what it waits for.
3. Whether the waiter for AX can be woken up depends on whether the
other can. IOW, TASK X cannot release AX if it fails to acquire B.
Let's take a look at more complicated example:
TASK X TASK Y
------ ------
acquire B
release B
fork Y
acquire AX
acquire C /* A dependency 'AX -> C' exists */
release C
release AX held by Y
where AX, B and C are different lock classes, and a suffix 'X' is
added on crosslocks.
Does a dependency 'AX -> B' exist? Nope.
Two waiters are essential to create a dependency. However, waiters for
AX and B to create 'AX -> B' cannot exist at the same time in this
example. Thus the dependency 'AX -> B' cannot be created.
It would be ideal if the full set of true ones can be considered. But
we can ensure nothing but what actually happened. Relying on what
actually happens at runtime, we can anyway add only true ones, though
they might be a subset of true ones. It's similar to how lockdep works
for typical locks. There might be more true dependencies than what
lockdep has detected in runtime. Lockdep has no choice but to rely on
what actually happens. Crossrelease also relies on it.
CONCLUSION
Relying on what actually happens, lockdep can avoid adding false
dependencies.

45
include/linux/compiler.h
View file

@ -220,17 +220,17 @@ static __always_inline void __write_once_size(volatile void *p, void *res, int s
/*
* Prevent the compiler from merging or refetching reads or writes. The
* compiler is also forbidden from reordering successive instances of
* READ_ONCE, WRITE_ONCE and ACCESS_ONCE (see below), but only when the
* compiler is aware of some particular ordering. One way to make the
* compiler aware of ordering is to put the two invocations of READ_ONCE,
* WRITE_ONCE or ACCESS_ONCE() in different C statements.
* READ_ONCE and WRITE_ONCE, but only when the compiler is aware of some
* particular ordering. One way to make the compiler aware of ordering is to
* put the two invocations of READ_ONCE or WRITE_ONCE in different C
* statements.
*
* In contrast to ACCESS_ONCE these two macros will also work on aggregate
* data types like structs or unions. If the size of the accessed data
* type exceeds the word size of the machine (e.g., 32 bits or 64 bits)
* READ_ONCE() and WRITE_ONCE() will fall back to memcpy(). There's at
* least two memcpy()s: one for the __builtin_memcpy() and then one for
* the macro doing the copy of variable - '__u' allocated on the stack.
* These two macros will also work on aggregate data types like structs or
* unions. If the size of the accessed data type exceeds the word size of
* the machine (e.g., 32 bits or 64 bits) READ_ONCE() and WRITE_ONCE() will
* fall back to memcpy(). There's at least two memcpy()s: one for the
* __builtin_memcpy() and then one for the macro doing the copy of variable
* - '__u' allocated on the stack.
*
* Their two major use cases are: (1) Mediating communication between
* process-level code and irq/NMI handlers, all running on the same CPU,
@ -327,29 +327,4 @@ static __always_inline void __write_once_size(volatile void *p, void *res, int s
compiletime_assert(__native_word(t), \
"Need native word sized stores/loads for atomicity.")
/*
* Prevent the compiler from merging or refetching accesses. The compiler
* is also forbidden from reordering successive instances of ACCESS_ONCE(),
* but only when the compiler is aware of some particular ordering. One way
* to make the compiler aware of ordering is to put the two invocations of
* ACCESS_ONCE() in different C statements.
*
* ACCESS_ONCE will only work on scalar types. For union types, ACCESS_ONCE
* on a union member will work as long as the size of the member matches the
* size of the union and the size is smaller than word size.
*
* The major use cases of ACCESS_ONCE used to be (1) Mediating communication
* between process-level code and irq/NMI handlers, all running on the same CPU,
* and (2) Ensuring that the compiler does not fold, spindle, or otherwise
* mutilate accesses that either do not require ordering or that interact
* with an explicit memory barrier or atomic instruction that provides the
* required ordering.
*
* If possible use READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() instead.
*/
#define __ACCESS_ONCE(x) ({ \
__maybe_unused typeof(x) __var = (__force typeof(x)) 0; \
(volatile typeof(x) *)&(x); })
#define ACCESS_ONCE(x) (*__ACCESS_ONCE(x))
#endif /* __LINUX_COMPILER_H */

45
include/linux/completion.h
View file

@ -10,9 +10,6 @@
*/
#include <linux/wait.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_COMPLETIONS
#include <linux/lockdep.h>
#endif
/*
* struct completion - structure used to maintain state for a "completion"
@ -29,58 +26,16 @@
struct completion {
unsigned int done;
wait_queue_head_t wait;
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_COMPLETIONS
struct lockdep_map_cross map;
#endif
};
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_COMPLETIONS
static inline void complete_acquire(struct completion *x)
{
lock_acquire_exclusive((struct lockdep_map *)&x->map, 0, 0, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}
static inline void complete_release(struct completion *x)
{
lock_release((struct lockdep_map *)&x->map, 0, _RET_IP_);
}
static inline void complete_release_commit(struct completion *x)
{
lock_commit_crosslock((struct lockdep_map *)&x->map);
}
#define init_completion_map(x, m) \
do { \
lockdep_init_map_crosslock((struct lockdep_map *)&(x)->map, \
(m)->name, (m)->key, 0); \
__init_completion(x); \
} while (0)
#define init_completion(x) \
do { \
static struct lock_class_key __key; \
lockdep_init_map_crosslock((struct lockdep_map *)&(x)->map, \
"(completion)" #x, \
&__key, 0); \
__init_completion(x); \
} while (0)
#else
#define init_completion_map(x, m) __init_completion(x)
#define init_completion(x) __init_completion(x)
static inline void complete_acquire(struct completion *x) {}
static inline void complete_release(struct completion *x) {}
static inline void complete_release_commit(struct completion *x) {}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_COMPLETIONS
#define COMPLETION_INITIALIZER(work) \
{ 0, __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER((work).wait), \
STATIC_CROSS_LOCKDEP_MAP_INIT("(completion)" #work, &(work)) }
#else
#define COMPLETION_INITIALIZER(work) \
{ 0, __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER((work).wait) }
#endif
#define COMPLETION_INITIALIZER_ONSTACK_MAP(work, map) \
(*({ init_completion_map(&(work), &(map)); &(work); }))

125
include/linux/lockdep.h
View file

@ -158,12 +158,6 @@ struct lockdep_map {
int cpu;
unsigned long ip;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
/*
* Whether it's a crosslock.
*/
int cross;
#endif
};
static inline void lockdep_copy_map(struct lockdep_map *to,
@ -267,95 +261,8 @@ struct held_lock {
unsigned int hardirqs_off:1;
unsigned int references:12; /* 32 bits */
unsigned int pin_count;
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
/*
* Generation id.
*
* A value of cross_gen_id will be stored when holding this,
* which is globally increased whenever each crosslock is held.
*/
unsigned int gen_id;
#endif
};
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
#define MAX_XHLOCK_TRACE_ENTRIES 5
/*
* This is for keeping locks waiting for commit so that true dependencies
* can be added at commit step.
*/
struct hist_lock {
/*
* Id for each entry in the ring buffer. This is used to
* decide whether the ring buffer was overwritten or not.
*
* For example,
*
* |<----------- hist_lock ring buffer size ------->|
* pppppppppppppppppppppiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
* wrapped > iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.......................
*
* where 'p' represents an acquisition in process
* context, 'i' represents an acquisition in irq
* context.
*
* In this example, the ring buffer was overwritten by
* acquisitions in irq context, that should be detected on
* rollback or commit.
*/
unsigned int hist_id;
/*
* Seperate stack_trace data. This will be used at commit step.
*/
struct stack_trace trace;
unsigned long trace_entries[MAX_XHLOCK_TRACE_ENTRIES];
/*
* Seperate hlock instance. This will be used at commit step.
*
* TODO: Use a smaller data structure containing only necessary
* data. However, we should make lockdep code able to handle the
* smaller one first.
*/
struct held_lock hlock;
};
/*
* To initialize a lock as crosslock, lockdep_init_map_crosslock() should
* be called instead of lockdep_init_map().
*/
struct cross_lock {
/*
* When more than one acquisition of crosslocks are overlapped,
* we have to perform commit for them based on cross_gen_id of
* the first acquisition, which allows us to add more true
* dependencies.
*
* Moreover, when no acquisition of a crosslock is in progress,
* we should not perform commit because the lock might not exist
* any more, which might cause incorrect memory access. So we
* have to track the number of acquisitions of a crosslock.
*/
int nr_acquire;
/*
* Seperate hlock instance. This will be used at commit step.
*
* TODO: Use a smaller data structure containing only necessary
* data. However, we should make lockdep code able to handle the
* smaller one first.
*/
struct held_lock hlock;
};
struct lockdep_map_cross {
struct lockdep_map map;
struct cross_lock xlock;
};
#endif
/*
* Initialization, self-test and debugging-output methods:
*/
@ -560,37 +467,6 @@ enum xhlock_context_t {
XHLOCK_CTX_NR,
};
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
extern void lockdep_init_map_crosslock(struct lockdep_map *lock,
const char *name,
struct lock_class_key *key,
int subclass);
extern void lock_commit_crosslock(struct lockdep_map *lock);
/*
* What we essencially have to initialize is 'nr_acquire'. Other members
* will be initialized in add_xlock().
*/
#define STATIC_CROSS_LOCK_INIT() \
{ .nr_acquire = 0,}
#define STATIC_CROSS_LOCKDEP_MAP_INIT(_name, _key) \
{ .map.name = (_name), .map.key = (void *)(_key), \
.map.cross = 1, .xlock = STATIC_CROSS_LOCK_INIT(), }
/*
* To initialize a lockdep_map statically use this macro.
* Note that _name must not be NULL.
*/
#define STATIC_LOCKDEP_MAP_INIT(_name, _key) \
{ .name = (_name), .key = (void *)(_key), .cross = 0, }
extern void crossrelease_hist_start(enum xhlock_context_t c);
extern void crossrelease_hist_end(enum xhlock_context_t c);
extern void lockdep_invariant_state(bool force);
extern void lockdep_init_task(struct task_struct *task);
extern void lockdep_free_task(struct task_struct *task);
#else /* !CROSSRELEASE */
#define lockdep_init_map_crosslock(m, n, k, s) do {} while (0)
/*
* To initialize a lockdep_map statically use this macro.
@ -604,7 +480,6 @@ static inline void crossrelease_hist_end(enum xhlock_context_t c) {}
static inline void lockdep_invariant_state(bool force) {}
static inline void lockdep_init_task(struct task_struct *task) {}
static inline void lockdep_free_task(struct task_struct *task) {}
#endif /* CROSSRELEASE */
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT

3
include/linux/rwlock_types.h
View file

@ -10,9 +10,6 @@
*/
typedef struct {
arch_rwlock_t raw_lock;
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_LOCKBREAK
unsigned int break_lock;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK
unsigned int magic, owner_cpu;
void *owner;

11
include/linux/sched.h
View file

@ -849,17 +849,6 @@ struct task_struct {
struct held_lock held_locks[MAX_LOCK_DEPTH];
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
#define MAX_XHLOCKS_NR 64UL
struct hist_lock *xhlocks; /* Crossrelease history locks */
unsigned int xhlock_idx;
/* For restoring at history boundaries */
unsigned int xhlock_idx_hist[XHLOCK_CTX_NR];
unsigned int hist_id;
/* For overwrite check at each context exit */
unsigned int hist_id_save[XHLOCK_CTX_NR];
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_UBSAN
unsigned int in_ubsan;
#endif

5
include/linux/spinlock.h
View file

@ -107,16 +107,11 @@ do { \
#define raw_spin_is_locked(lock) arch_spin_is_locked(&(lock)->raw_lock)
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_LOCKBREAK
#define raw_spin_is_contended(lock) ((lock)->break_lock)
#else
#ifdef arch_spin_is_contended
#define raw_spin_is_contended(lock) arch_spin_is_contended(&(lock)->raw_lock)
#else
#define raw_spin_is_contended(lock) (((void)(lock), 0))
#endif /*arch_spin_is_contended*/
#endif
/*
* This barrier must provide two things:

3
include/linux/spinlock_types.h
View file

@ -19,9 +19,6 @@
typedef struct raw_spinlock {
arch_spinlock_t raw_lock;
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_LOCKBREAK
unsigned int break_lock;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK
unsigned int magic, owner_cpu;
void *owner;

594
kernel/locking/lockdep.c
View file

@ -57,10 +57,6 @@
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/lock.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
#include <linux/slab.h>
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
int prove_locking = 1;
module_param(prove_locking, int, 0644);
@ -75,19 +71,6 @@ module_param(lock_stat, int, 0644);
#define lock_stat 0
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE_FULLSTACK
static int crossrelease_fullstack = 1;
#else
static int crossrelease_fullstack;
#endif
static int __init allow_crossrelease_fullstack(char *str)
{
crossrelease_fullstack = 1;
return 0;
}
early_param("crossrelease_fullstack", allow_crossrelease_fullstack);
/*
* lockdep_lock: protects the lockdep graph, the hashes and the
* class/list/hash allocators.
@ -740,18 +723,6 @@ look_up_lock_class(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass)
return is_static || static_obj(lock->key) ? NULL : ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
static void cross_init(struct lockdep_map *lock, int cross);
static int cross_lock(struct lockdep_map *lock);
static int lock_acquire_crosslock(struct held_lock *hlock);
static int lock_release_crosslock(struct lockdep_map *lock);
#else
static inline void cross_init(struct lockdep_map *lock, int cross) {}
static inline int cross_lock(struct lockdep_map *lock) { return 0; }
static inline int lock_acquire_crosslock(struct held_lock *hlock) { return 2; }
static inline int lock_release_crosslock(struct lockdep_map *lock) { return 2; }
#endif
/*
* Register a lock's class in the hash-table, if the class is not present
* yet. Otherwise we look it up. We cache the result in the lock object
@ -1151,24 +1122,6 @@ print_circular_lock_scenario(struct held_lock *src,
printk(KERN_CONT "\n\n");
}
if (cross_lock(tgt->instance)) {
printk(" Possible unsafe locking scenario by crosslock:\n\n");
printk(" CPU0 CPU1\n");
printk(" ---- ----\n");
printk(" lock(");
__print_lock_name(parent);
printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
printk(" lock(");
__print_lock_name(target);
printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
printk(" lock(");
__print_lock_name(source);
printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
printk(" unlock(");
__print_lock_name(target);
printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
printk("\n *** DEADLOCK ***\n\n");
} else {
printk(" Possible unsafe locking scenario:\n\n");
printk(" CPU0 CPU1\n");
printk(" ---- ----\n");
@ -1185,7 +1138,6 @@ print_circular_lock_scenario(struct held_lock *src,
__print_lock_name(source);
printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
printk("\n *** DEADLOCK ***\n\n");
}
}
/*
@ -1211,9 +1163,6 @@ print_circular_bug_header(struct lock_list *entry, unsigned int depth,
curr->comm, task_pid_nr(curr));
print_lock(check_src);
if (cross_lock(check_tgt->instance))
pr_warn("\nbut now in release context of a crosslock acquired at the following:\n");
else
pr_warn("\nbut task is already holding lock:\n");
print_lock(check_tgt);
@ -1244,9 +1193,7 @@ static noinline int print_circular_bug(struct lock_list *this,
if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock() || debug_locks_silent)
return 0;
if (cross_lock(check_tgt->instance))
this->trace = *trace;
else if (!save_trace(&this->trace))
if (!save_trace(&this->trace))
return 0;
depth = get_lock_depth(target);
@ -1850,9 +1797,6 @@ check_deadlock(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *next,
if (nest)
return 2;
if (cross_lock(prev->instance))
continue;
return print_deadlock_bug(curr, prev, next);
}
return 1;
@ -2018,18 +1962,13 @@ check_prevs_add(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *next)
for (;;) {
int distance = curr->lockdep_depth - depth + 1;
hlock = curr->held_locks + depth - 1;
/*
* Only non-crosslock entries get new dependencies added.
* Crosslock entries will be added by commit later:
*/
if (!cross_lock(hlock->instance)) {
/*
* Only non-recursive-read entries get new dependencies
* added:
*/
if (hlock->read != 2 && hlock->check) {
int ret = check_prev_add(curr, hlock, next,
distance, &trace, save_trace);
int ret = check_prev_add(curr, hlock, next, distance, &trace, save_trace);
if (!ret)
return 0;
@ -2042,7 +1981,7 @@ check_prevs_add(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *next)
if (!hlock->trylock)
break;
}
}
depth--;
/*
* End of lock-stack?
@ -3292,21 +3231,10 @@ static void __lockdep_init_map(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
void lockdep_init_map(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
struct lock_class_key *key, int subclass)
{
cross_init(lock, 0);
__lockdep_init_map(lock, name, key, subclass);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lockdep_init_map);
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
void lockdep_init_map_crosslock(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
struct lock_class_key *key, int subclass)
{
cross_init(lock, 1);
__lockdep_init_map(lock, name, key, subclass);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lockdep_init_map_crosslock);
#endif
struct lock_class_key __lockdep_no_validate__;
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__lockdep_no_validate__);
@ -3362,7 +3290,6 @@ static int __lock_acquire(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass,
int chain_head = 0;
int class_idx;
u64 chain_key;
int ret;
if (unlikely(!debug_locks))
return 0;
@ -3411,8 +3338,7 @@ static int __lock_acquire(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass,
class_idx = class - lock_classes + 1;
/* TODO: nest_lock is not implemented for crosslock yet. */
if (depth && !cross_lock(lock)) {
if (depth) {
hlock = curr->held_locks + depth - 1;
if (hlock->class_idx == class_idx && nest_lock) {
if (hlock->references) {
@ -3500,14 +3426,6 @@ static int __lock_acquire(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass,
if (!validate_chain(curr, lock, hlock, chain_head, chain_key))
return 0;
ret = lock_acquire_crosslock(hlock);
/*
* 2 means normal acquire operations are needed. Otherwise, it's
* ok just to return with '0:fail, 1:success'.
*/
if (ret != 2)
return ret;
curr->curr_chain_key = chain_key;
curr->lockdep_depth++;
check_chain_key(curr);
@ -3745,19 +3663,11 @@ __lock_release(struct lockdep_map *lock, int nested, unsigned long ip)
struct task_struct *curr = current;
struct held_lock *hlock;
unsigned int depth;
int ret, i;
int i;
if (unlikely(!debug_locks))
return 0;
ret = lock_release_crosslock(lock);
/*
* 2 means normal release operations are needed. Otherwise, it's
* ok just to return with '0:fail, 1:success'.
*/
if (ret != 2)
return ret;
depth = curr->lockdep_depth;
/*
* So we're all set to release this lock.. wait what lock? We don't
@ -4675,495 +4585,3 @@ void lockdep_rcu_suspicious(const char *file, const int line, const char *s)
dump_stack();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lockdep_rcu_suspicious);
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
/*
* Crossrelease works by recording a lock history for each thread and
* connecting those historic locks that were taken after the
* wait_for_completion() in the complete() context.
*
* Task-A Task-B
*
* mutex_lock(&A);
* mutex_unlock(&A);
*
* wait_for_completion(&C);
* lock_acquire_crosslock();
* atomic_inc_return(&cross_gen_id);
* |
* | mutex_lock(&B);
* | mutex_unlock(&B);
* |
* | complete(&C);
* `-- lock_commit_crosslock();
*
* Which will then add a dependency between B and C.
*/
#define xhlock(i) (current->xhlocks[(i) % MAX_XHLOCKS_NR])
/*
* Whenever a crosslock is held, cross_gen_id will be increased.
*/
static atomic_t cross_gen_id; /* Can be wrapped */
/*
* Make an entry of the ring buffer invalid.
*/
static inline void invalidate_xhlock(struct hist_lock *xhlock)
{
/*
* Normally, xhlock->hlock.instance must be !NULL.
*/
xhlock->hlock.instance = NULL;
}
/*
* Lock history stacks; we have 2 nested lock history stacks:
*
* HARD(IRQ)
* SOFT(IRQ)
*
* The thing is that once we complete a HARD/SOFT IRQ the future task locks
* should not depend on any of the locks observed while running the IRQ. So
* what we do is rewind the history buffer and erase all our knowledge of that
* temporal event.
*/
void crossrelease_hist_start(enum xhlock_context_t c)
{
struct task_struct *cur = current;
if (!cur->xhlocks)
return;
cur->xhlock_idx_hist[c] = cur->xhlock_idx;
cur->hist_id_save[c] = cur->hist_id;
}
void crossrelease_hist_end(enum xhlock_context_t c)
{
struct task_struct *cur = current;
if (cur->xhlocks) {
unsigned int idx = cur->xhlock_idx_hist[c];
struct hist_lock *h = &xhlock(idx);
cur->xhlock_idx = idx;
/* Check if the ring was overwritten. */
if (h->hist_id != cur->hist_id_save[c])
invalidate_xhlock(h);
}
}
/*
* lockdep_invariant_state() is used to annotate independence inside a task, to
* make one task look like multiple independent 'tasks'.
*
* Take for instance workqueues; each work is independent of the last. The
* completion of a future work does not depend on the completion of a past work
* (in general). Therefore we must not carry that (lock) dependency across
* works.
*
* This is true for many things; pretty much all kthreads fall into this
* pattern, where they have an invariant state and future completions do not
* depend on past completions. Its just that since they all have the 'same'
* form -- the kthread does the same over and over -- it doesn't typically
* matter.
*
* The same is true for system-calls, once a system call is completed (we've
* returned to userspace) the next system call does not depend on the lock
* history of the previous system call.
*
* They key property for independence, this invariant state, is that it must be
* a point where we hold no locks and have no history. Because if we were to
* hold locks, the restore at _end() would not necessarily recover it's history
* entry. Similarly, independence per-definition means it does not depend on
* prior state.
*/
void lockdep_invariant_state(bool force)
{
/*
* We call this at an invariant point, no current state, no history.
* Verify the former, enforce the latter.
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(!force && current->lockdep_depth);
if (current->xhlocks)
invalidate_xhlock(&xhlock(current->xhlock_idx));
}
static int cross_lock(struct lockdep_map *lock)
{
return lock ? lock->cross : 0;
}
/*
* This is needed to decide the relationship between wrapable variables.
*/
static inline int before(unsigned int a, unsigned int b)
{
return (int)(a - b) < 0;
}
static inline struct lock_class *xhlock_class(struct hist_lock *xhlock)
{
return hlock_class(&xhlock->hlock);
}
static inline struct lock_class *xlock_class(struct cross_lock *xlock)
{
return hlock_class(&xlock->hlock);
}
/*
* Should we check a dependency with previous one?
*/
static inline int depend_before(struct held_lock *hlock)
{
return hlock->read != 2 && hlock->check && !hlock->trylock;
}
/*
* Should we check a dependency with next one?
*/
static inline int depend_after(struct held_lock *hlock)
{
return hlock->read != 2 && hlock->check;
}
/*
* Check if the xhlock is valid, which would be false if,
*
* 1. Has not used after initializaion yet.
* 2. Got invalidated.
*
* Remind hist_lock is implemented as a ring buffer.
*/
static inline int xhlock_valid(struct hist_lock *xhlock)
{
/*
* xhlock->hlock.instance must be !NULL.
*/
return !!xhlock->hlock.instance;
}
/*
* Record a hist_lock entry.
*
* Irq disable is only required.
*/
static void add_xhlock(struct held_lock *hlock)
{
unsigned int idx = ++current->xhlock_idx;
struct hist_lock *xhlock = &xhlock(idx);
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP
/*
* This can be done locklessly because they are all task-local
* state, we must however ensure IRQs are disabled.
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(!irqs_disabled());
#endif
/* Initialize hist_lock's members */
xhlock->hlock = *hlock;
xhlock->hist_id = ++current->hist_id;
xhlock->trace.nr_entries = 0;
xhlock->trace.max_entries = MAX_XHLOCK_TRACE_ENTRIES;
xhlock->trace.entries = xhlock->trace_entries;
if (crossrelease_fullstack) {
xhlock->trace.skip = 3;
save_stack_trace(&xhlock->trace);
} else {
xhlock->trace.nr_entries = 1;
xhlock->trace.entries[0] = hlock->acquire_ip;
}
}
static inline int same_context_xhlock(struct hist_lock *xhlock)
{
return xhlock->hlock.irq_context == task_irq_context(current);
}
/*
* This should be lockless as far as possible because this would be
* called very frequently.
*/
static void check_add_xhlock(struct held_lock *hlock)
{
/*
* Record a hist_lock, only in case that acquisitions ahead
* could depend on the held_lock. For example, if the held_lock
* is trylock then acquisitions ahead never depends on that.
* In that case, we don't need to record it. Just return.
*/
if (!current->xhlocks || !depend_before(hlock))
return;
add_xhlock(hlock);
}
/*
* For crosslock.
*/
static int add_xlock(struct held_lock *hlock)
{
struct cross_lock *xlock;
unsigned int gen_id;
if (!graph_lock())
return 0;
xlock = &((struct lockdep_map_cross *)hlock->instance)->xlock;
/*
* When acquisitions for a crosslock are overlapped, we use
* nr_acquire to perform commit for them, based on cross_gen_id
* of the first acquisition, which allows to add additional
* dependencies.
*
* Moreover, when no acquisition of a crosslock is in progress,
* we should not perform commit because the lock might not exist
* any more, which might cause incorrect memory access. So we
* have to track the number of acquisitions of a crosslock.
*
* depend_after() is necessary to initialize only the first
* valid xlock so that the xlock can be used on its commit.
*/
if (xlock->nr_acquire++ && depend_after(&xlock->hlock))
goto unlock;
gen_id = (unsigned int)atomic_inc_return(&cross_gen_id);
xlock->hlock = *hlock;
xlock->hlock.gen_id = gen_id;
unlock:
graph_unlock();
return 1;
}
/*
* Called for both normal and crosslock acquires. Normal locks will be
* pushed on the hist_lock queue. Cross locks will record state and
* stop regular lock_acquire() to avoid being placed on the held_lock
* stack.
*
* Return: 0 - failure;
* 1 - crosslock, done;
* 2 - normal lock, continue to held_lock[] ops.
*/
static int lock_acquire_crosslock(struct held_lock *hlock)
{
/*
* CONTEXT 1 CONTEXT 2
* --------- ---------
* lock A (cross)
* X = atomic_inc_return(&cross_gen_id)
* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Y = atomic_read_acquire(&cross_gen_id)
* lock B
*
* atomic_read_acquire() is for ordering between A and B,
* IOW, A happens before B, when CONTEXT 2 see Y >= X.
*
* Pairs with atomic_inc_return() in add_xlock().
*/
hlock->gen_id = (unsigned int)atomic_read_acquire(&cross_gen_id);
if (cross_lock(hlock->instance))
return add_xlock(hlock);
check_add_xhlock(hlock);
return 2;
}
static int copy_trace(struct stack_trace *trace)
{
unsigned long *buf = stack_trace + nr_stack_trace_entries;
unsigned int max_nr = MAX_STACK_TRACE_ENTRIES - nr_stack_trace_entries;
unsigned int nr = min(max_nr, trace->nr_entries);
trace->nr_entries = nr;
memcpy(buf, trace->entries, nr * sizeof(trace->entries[0]));
trace->entries = buf;
nr_stack_trace_entries += nr;
if (nr_stack_trace_entries >= MAX_STACK_TRACE_ENTRIES-1) {
if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock())
return 0;
print_lockdep_off("BUG: MAX_STACK_TRACE_ENTRIES too low!");
dump_stack();
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
static int commit_xhlock(struct cross_lock *xlock, struct hist_lock *xhlock)
{
unsigned int xid, pid;
u64 chain_key;
xid = xlock_class(xlock) - lock_classes;
chain_key = iterate_chain_key((u64)0, xid);
pid = xhlock_class(xhlock) - lock_classes;
chain_key = iterate_chain_key(chain_key, pid);
if (lookup_chain_cache(chain_key))
return 1;
if (!add_chain_cache_classes(xid, pid, xhlock->hlock.irq_context,
chain_key))
return 0;
if (!check_prev_add(current, &xlock->hlock, &xhlock->hlock, 1,
&xhlock->trace, copy_trace))
return 0;
return 1;
}
static void commit_xhlocks(struct cross_lock *xlock)
{
unsigned int cur = current->xhlock_idx;
unsigned int prev_hist_id = xhlock(cur).hist_id;
unsigned int i;
if (!graph_lock())
return;
if (xlock->nr_acquire) {
for (i = 0; i < MAX_XHLOCKS_NR; i++) {
struct hist_lock *xhlock = &xhlock(cur - i);
if (!xhlock_valid(xhlock))
break;
if (before(xhlock->hlock.gen_id, xlock->hlock.gen_id))
break;
if (!same_context_xhlock(xhlock))
break;
/*
* Filter out the cases where the ring buffer was
* overwritten and the current entry has a bigger
* hist_id than the previous one, which is impossible
* otherwise:
*/
if (unlikely(before(prev_hist_id, xhlock->hist_id)))
break;
prev_hist_id = xhlock->hist_id;
/*
* commit_xhlock() returns 0 with graph_lock already
* released if fail.
*/
if (!commit_xhlock(xlock, xhlock))
return;
}
}
graph_unlock();
}
void lock_commit_crosslock(struct lockdep_map *lock)
{
struct cross_lock *xlock;
unsigned long flags;
if (unlikely(!debug_locks || current->lockdep_recursion))
return;
if (!current->xhlocks)
return;
/*
* Do commit hist_locks with the cross_lock, only in case that
* the cross_lock could depend on acquisitions after that.
*
* For example, if the cross_lock does not have the 'check' flag
* then we don't need to check dependencies and commit for that.
* Just skip it. In that case, of course, the cross_lock does
* not depend on acquisitions ahead, either.
*
* WARNING: Don't do that in add_xlock() in advance. When an
* acquisition context is different from the commit context,
* invalid(skipped) cross_lock might be accessed.
*/
if (!depend_after(&((struct lockdep_map_cross *)lock)->xlock.hlock))
return;
raw_local_irq_save(flags);
check_flags(flags);
current->lockdep_recursion = 1;
xlock = &((struct lockdep_map_cross *)lock)->xlock;
commit_xhlocks(xlock);
current->lockdep_recursion = 0;
raw_local_irq_restore(flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lock_commit_crosslock);
/*
* Return: 0 - failure;
* 1 - crosslock, done;
* 2 - normal lock, continue to held_lock[] ops.
*/
static int lock_release_crosslock(struct lockdep_map *lock)
{
if (cross_lock(lock)) {
if (!graph_lock())
return 0;
((struct lockdep_map_cross *)lock)->xlock.nr_acquire--;
graph_unlock();
return 1;
}
return 2;
}
static void cross_init(struct lockdep_map *lock, int cross)
{
if (cross)
((struct lockdep_map_cross *)lock)->xlock.nr_acquire = 0;
lock->cross = cross;
/*
* Crossrelease assumes that the ring buffer size of xhlocks
* is aligned with power of 2. So force it on build.
*/
BUILD_BUG_ON(MAX_XHLOCKS_NR & (MAX_XHLOCKS_NR - 1));
}
void lockdep_init_task(struct task_struct *task)
{
int i;
task->xhlock_idx = UINT_MAX;
task->hist_id = 0;
for (i = 0; i < XHLOCK_CTX_NR; i++) {
task->xhlock_idx_hist[i] = UINT_MAX;
task->hist_id_save[i] = 0;
}
task->xhlocks = kzalloc(sizeof(struct hist_lock) * MAX_XHLOCKS_NR,
GFP_KERNEL);
}
void lockdep_free_task(struct task_struct *task)
{
if (task->xhlocks) {
void *tmp = task->xhlocks;
/* Diable crossrelease for current */
task->xhlocks = NULL;
kfree(tmp);
}
}
#endif

9
kernel/locking/spinlock.c
View file

@ -66,12 +66,8 @@ void __lockfunc __raw_##op##_lock(locktype##_t *lock) \
break; \
preempt_enable(); \
\
if (!(lock)->break_lock) \
(lock)->break_lock = 1; \
while ((lock)->break_lock) \
arch_##op##_relax(&lock->raw_lock); \
} \
(lock)->break_lock = 0; \
} \
\
unsigned long __lockfunc __raw_##op##_lock_irqsave(locktype##_t *lock) \
@ -86,12 +82,9 @@ unsigned long __lockfunc __raw_##op##_lock_irqsave(locktype##_t *lock) \
local_irq_restore(flags); \
preempt_enable(); \
\
if (!(lock)->break_lock) \
(lock)->break_lock = 1; \
while ((lock)->break_lock) \
arch_##op##_relax(&lock->raw_lock); \
} \
(lock)->break_lock = 0; \
\
return flags; \
} \
\

33
lib/Kconfig.debug
View file

@ -1099,8 +1099,6 @@ config PROVE_LOCKING
select DEBUG_MUTEXES
select DEBUG_RT_MUTEXES if RT_MUTEXES
select DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
select LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
select LOCKDEP_COMPLETIONS
select TRACE_IRQFLAGS
default n
help
@ -1170,37 +1168,6 @@ config LOCK_STAT
CONFIG_LOCK_STAT defines "contended" and "acquired" lock events.
(CONFIG_LOCKDEP defines "acquire" and "release" events.)
config LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
bool
help
This makes lockdep work for crosslock which is a lock allowed to
be released in a different context from the acquisition context.
Normally a lock must be released in the context acquiring the lock.
However, relexing this constraint helps synchronization primitives
such as page locks or completions can use the lock correctness
detector, lockdep.
config LOCKDEP_COMPLETIONS
bool
help
A deadlock caused by wait_for_completion() and complete() can be
detected by lockdep using crossrelease feature.
config BOOTPARAM_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE_FULLSTACK
bool "Enable the boot parameter, crossrelease_fullstack"
depends on LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE
default n
help
The lockdep "cross-release" feature needs to record stack traces
(of calling functions) for all acquisitions, for eventual later
use during analysis. By default only a single caller is recorded,
because the unwind operation can be very expensive with deeper
stack chains.
However a boot parameter, crossrelease_fullstack, was
introduced since sometimes deeper traces are required for full
analysis. This option turns on the boot parameter.
config DEBUG_LOCKDEP
bool "Lock dependency engine debugging"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && LOCKDEP

22
scripts/checkpatch.pl
View file

@ -6233,28 +6233,6 @@ sub process {
}
}
# whine about ACCESS_ONCE
if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
$line =~ /\bACCESS_ONCE\s*$balanced_parens\s*(=(?!=))?\s*($FuncArg)?/) {
my $par = $1;
my $eq = $2;
my $fun = $3;
$par =~ s/^\(\s*(.*)\s*\)$/$1/;
if (defined($eq)) {
if (WARN("PREFER_WRITE_ONCE",
"Prefer WRITE_ONCE(<FOO>, <BAR>) over ACCESS_ONCE(<FOO>) = <BAR>\n" . $herecurr) &&
$fix) {
$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bACCESS_ONCE\s*\(\s*\Q$par\E\s*\)\s*$eq\s*\Q$fun\E/WRITE_ONCE($par, $fun)/;
}
} else {
if (WARN("PREFER_READ_ONCE",
"Prefer READ_ONCE(<FOO>) over ACCESS_ONCE(<FOO>)\n" . $herecurr) &&
$fix) {
$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bACCESS_ONCE\s*\(\s*\Q$par\E\s*\)/READ_ONCE($par)/;
}
}
}
# check for mutex_trylock_recursive usage
if ($line =~ /mutex_trylock_recursive/) {
ERROR("LOCKING",

19
tools/include/linux/compiler.h
View file

@ -84,8 +84,6 @@
#define uninitialized_var(x) x = *(&(x))
#define ACCESS_ONCE(x) (*(volatile typeof(x) *)&(x))
#include <linux/types.h>
/*
@ -135,16 +133,15 @@ static __always_inline void __write_once_size(volatile void *p, void *res, int s
/*
* Prevent the compiler from merging or refetching reads or writes. The
* compiler is also forbidden from reordering successive instances of
* READ_ONCE, WRITE_ONCE and ACCESS_ONCE (see below), but only when the
* compiler is aware of some particular ordering. One way to make the
* compiler aware of ordering is to put the two invocations of READ_ONCE,
* WRITE_ONCE or ACCESS_ONCE() in different C statements.
* READ_ONCE and WRITE_ONCE, but only when the compiler is aware of some
* particular ordering. One way to make the compiler aware of ordering is to
* put the two invocations of READ_ONCE or WRITE_ONCE in different C
* statements.
*
* In contrast to ACCESS_ONCE these two macros will also work on aggregate
* data types like structs or unions. If the size of the accessed data
* type exceeds the word size of the machine (e.g., 32 bits or 64 bits)
* READ_ONCE() and WRITE_ONCE() will fall back to memcpy and print a
* compile-time warning.
* These two macros will also work on aggregate data types like structs or
* unions. If the size of the accessed data type exceeds the word size of
* the machine (e.g., 32 bits or 64 bits) READ_ONCE() and WRITE_ONCE() will
* fall back to memcpy and print a compile-time warning.
*
* Their two major use cases are: (1) Mediating communication between
* process-level code and irq/NMI handlers, all running on the same CPU,

1
tools/include/linux/lockdep.h
View file

@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ static inline int debug_locks_off(void)
#define printk(...) dprintf(STDOUT_FILENO, __VA_ARGS__)
#define pr_err(format, ...) fprintf (stderr, format, ## __VA_ARGS__)
#define pr_warn pr_err
#define pr_cont pr_err
#define list_del_rcu list_del

2
tools/perf/util/mmap.h
View file

@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ void perf_mmap__read_catchup(struct perf_mmap *md);
static inline u64 perf_mmap__read_head(struct perf_mmap *mm)
{
struct perf_event_mmap_page *pc = mm->base;
u64 head = ACCESS_ONCE(pc->data_head);
u64 head = READ_ONCE(pc->data_head);
rmb();
return head;
}