License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 08:07:57 -06:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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2011-11-14 15:29:51 -07:00
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#ifndef _LINUX_UIDGID_H
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#define _LINUX_UIDGID_H
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/*
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* A set of types for the internal kernel types representing uids and gids.
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*
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* The types defined in this header allow distinguishing which uids and gids in
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* the kernel are values used by userspace and which uid and gid values are
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* the internal kernel values. With the addition of user namespaces the values
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* can be different. Using the type system makes it possible for the compiler
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* to detect when we overlook these differences.
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*
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*/
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#include <linux/types.h>
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#include <linux/highuid.h>
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struct user_namespace;
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extern struct user_namespace init_user_ns;
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typedef struct {
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uid_t val;
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} kuid_t;
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typedef struct {
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gid_t val;
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} kgid_t;
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#define KUIDT_INIT(value) (kuid_t){ value }
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#define KGIDT_INIT(value) (kgid_t){ value }
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kernel: conditionally support non-root users, groups and capabilities
There are a lot of embedded systems that run most or all of their
functionality in init, running as root:root. For these systems,
supporting multiple users is not necessary.
This patch adds a new symbol, CONFIG_MULTIUSER, that makes support for
non-root users, non-root groups, and capabilities optional. It is enabled
under CONFIG_EXPERT menu.
When this symbol is not defined, UID and GID are zero in any possible case
and processes always have all capabilities.
The following syscalls are compiled out: setuid, setregid, setgid,
setreuid, setresuid, getresuid, setresgid, getresgid, setgroups,
getgroups, setfsuid, setfsgid, capget, capset.
Also, groups.c is compiled out completely.
In kernel/capability.c, capable function was moved in order to avoid
adding two ifdef blocks.
This change saves about 25 KB on a defconfig build. The most minimal
kernels have total text sizes in the high hundreds of kB rather than
low MB. (The 25k goes down a bit with allnoconfig, but not that much.
The kernel was booted in Qemu. All the common functionalities work.
Adding users/groups is not possible, failing with -ENOSYS.
Bloat-o-meter output:
add/remove: 7/87 grow/shrink: 19/397 up/down: 1675/-26325 (-24650)
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-15 17:16:41 -06:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_MULTIUSER
|
2011-11-14 15:29:51 -07:00
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static inline uid_t __kuid_val(kuid_t uid)
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{
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return uid.val;
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}
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static inline gid_t __kgid_val(kgid_t gid)
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{
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return gid.val;
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}
|
kernel: conditionally support non-root users, groups and capabilities
There are a lot of embedded systems that run most or all of their
functionality in init, running as root:root. For these systems,
supporting multiple users is not necessary.
This patch adds a new symbol, CONFIG_MULTIUSER, that makes support for
non-root users, non-root groups, and capabilities optional. It is enabled
under CONFIG_EXPERT menu.
When this symbol is not defined, UID and GID are zero in any possible case
and processes always have all capabilities.
The following syscalls are compiled out: setuid, setregid, setgid,
setreuid, setresuid, getresuid, setresgid, getresgid, setgroups,
getgroups, setfsuid, setfsgid, capget, capset.
Also, groups.c is compiled out completely.
In kernel/capability.c, capable function was moved in order to avoid
adding two ifdef blocks.
This change saves about 25 KB on a defconfig build. The most minimal
kernels have total text sizes in the high hundreds of kB rather than
low MB. (The 25k goes down a bit with allnoconfig, but not that much.
The kernel was booted in Qemu. All the common functionalities work.
Adding users/groups is not possible, failing with -ENOSYS.
Bloat-o-meter output:
add/remove: 7/87 grow/shrink: 19/397 up/down: 1675/-26325 (-24650)
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-15 17:16:41 -06:00
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#else
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static inline uid_t __kuid_val(kuid_t uid)
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{
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return 0;
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}
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static inline gid_t __kgid_val(kgid_t gid)
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{
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return 0;
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}
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#endif
|
2011-11-14 15:29:51 -07:00
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#define GLOBAL_ROOT_UID KUIDT_INIT(0)
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#define GLOBAL_ROOT_GID KGIDT_INIT(0)
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#define INVALID_UID KUIDT_INIT(-1)
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#define INVALID_GID KGIDT_INIT(-1)
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static inline bool uid_eq(kuid_t left, kuid_t right)
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{
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return __kuid_val(left) == __kuid_val(right);
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}
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static inline bool gid_eq(kgid_t left, kgid_t right)
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{
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return __kgid_val(left) == __kgid_val(right);
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}
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static inline bool uid_gt(kuid_t left, kuid_t right)
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{
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return __kuid_val(left) > __kuid_val(right);
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}
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static inline bool gid_gt(kgid_t left, kgid_t right)
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{
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return __kgid_val(left) > __kgid_val(right);
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}
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static inline bool uid_gte(kuid_t left, kuid_t right)
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{
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return __kuid_val(left) >= __kuid_val(right);
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}
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static inline bool gid_gte(kgid_t left, kgid_t right)
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{
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return __kgid_val(left) >= __kgid_val(right);
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}
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static inline bool uid_lt(kuid_t left, kuid_t right)
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{
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return __kuid_val(left) < __kuid_val(right);
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}
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static inline bool gid_lt(kgid_t left, kgid_t right)
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{
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return __kgid_val(left) < __kgid_val(right);
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}
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static inline bool uid_lte(kuid_t left, kuid_t right)
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{
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return __kuid_val(left) <= __kuid_val(right);
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}
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static inline bool gid_lte(kgid_t left, kgid_t right)
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{
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return __kgid_val(left) <= __kgid_val(right);
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}
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static inline bool uid_valid(kuid_t uid)
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{
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uidgid: make uid_valid and gid_valid work with !CONFIG_MULTIUSER
{u,g}id_valid call {u,g}id_eq, which calls __k{u,g}id_val on both
arguments and compares. With !CONFIG_MULTIUSER, __k{u,g}id_val return a
constant 0, which makes {u,g}id_valid always return false. Change
{u,g}id_valid to compare their argument against -1 instead. That produces
identical results in the normal CONFIG_MULTIUSER=y case, but with
!CONFIG_MULTIUSER will make {u,g}id_valid constant-fold into "return
true;" rather than "return false;".
This fixes uses of devpts without CONFIG_MULTIUSER.
Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>,
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-05-14 16:17:01 -06:00
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return __kuid_val(uid) != (uid_t) -1;
|
2011-11-14 15:29:51 -07:00
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}
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static inline bool gid_valid(kgid_t gid)
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{
|
uidgid: make uid_valid and gid_valid work with !CONFIG_MULTIUSER
{u,g}id_valid call {u,g}id_eq, which calls __k{u,g}id_val on both
arguments and compares. With !CONFIG_MULTIUSER, __k{u,g}id_val return a
constant 0, which makes {u,g}id_valid always return false. Change
{u,g}id_valid to compare their argument against -1 instead. That produces
identical results in the normal CONFIG_MULTIUSER=y case, but with
!CONFIG_MULTIUSER will make {u,g}id_valid constant-fold into "return
true;" rather than "return false;".
This fixes uses of devpts without CONFIG_MULTIUSER.
Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>,
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-05-14 16:17:01 -06:00
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return __kgid_val(gid) != (gid_t) -1;
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2011-11-14 15:29:51 -07:00
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}
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2011-11-17 01:11:58 -07:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_USER_NS
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extern kuid_t make_kuid(struct user_namespace *from, uid_t uid);
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extern kgid_t make_kgid(struct user_namespace *from, gid_t gid);
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extern uid_t from_kuid(struct user_namespace *to, kuid_t uid);
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extern gid_t from_kgid(struct user_namespace *to, kgid_t gid);
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extern uid_t from_kuid_munged(struct user_namespace *to, kuid_t uid);
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extern gid_t from_kgid_munged(struct user_namespace *to, kgid_t gid);
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static inline bool kuid_has_mapping(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid)
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{
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return from_kuid(ns, uid) != (uid_t) -1;
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}
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static inline bool kgid_has_mapping(struct user_namespace *ns, kgid_t gid)
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{
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return from_kgid(ns, gid) != (gid_t) -1;
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}
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#else
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2011-11-14 15:29:51 -07:00
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static inline kuid_t make_kuid(struct user_namespace *from, uid_t uid)
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{
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return KUIDT_INIT(uid);
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}
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static inline kgid_t make_kgid(struct user_namespace *from, gid_t gid)
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{
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return KGIDT_INIT(gid);
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}
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static inline uid_t from_kuid(struct user_namespace *to, kuid_t kuid)
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{
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return __kuid_val(kuid);
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}
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static inline gid_t from_kgid(struct user_namespace *to, kgid_t kgid)
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{
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return __kgid_val(kgid);
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}
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static inline uid_t from_kuid_munged(struct user_namespace *to, kuid_t kuid)
|
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{
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uid_t uid = from_kuid(to, kuid);
|
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if (uid == (uid_t)-1)
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uid = overflowuid;
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return uid;
|
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}
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static inline gid_t from_kgid_munged(struct user_namespace *to, kgid_t kgid)
|
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{
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gid_t gid = from_kgid(to, kgid);
|
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if (gid == (gid_t)-1)
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gid = overflowgid;
|
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return gid;
|
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}
|
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static inline bool kuid_has_mapping(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid)
|
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|
{
|
2016-06-27 14:52:48 -06:00
|
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|
return uid_valid(uid);
|
2011-11-14 15:29:51 -07:00
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}
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static inline bool kgid_has_mapping(struct user_namespace *ns, kgid_t gid)
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{
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2016-06-27 14:52:48 -06:00
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return gid_valid(gid);
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2011-11-14 15:29:51 -07:00
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}
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2011-11-17 01:11:58 -07:00
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#endif /* CONFIG_USER_NS */
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2011-11-14 15:29:51 -07:00
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#endif /* _LINUX_UIDGID_H */
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